Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11080

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11080 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany

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Mathias Weske Marco Montali Ingo Weber Jan vom Brocke (Eds.) Business Process Management 16th International Conference, BPM 2018 Sydney, NSW, Australia, September 9 14, 2018 Proceedings 123

Editors Mathias Weske Hasso-Plattner-Institute University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany Marco Montali Free University of Bozen Bolzano Bolzano Italy Ingo Weber Data61 CSIRO Eveleigh, NSW Australia Jan vom Brocke University of Liechtenstein Vaduz Liechtenstein ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Computer Science ISBN 978-3-319-98647-0 ISBN 978-3-319-98648-7 (ebook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98648-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018950653 LNCS Sublibrary: SL3 Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface The 16th International Conference on Business Process Management provided a forum for researchers and practitioners in the broad and diverse field of business process management. To accommodate for the diversity of the field, this year the BPM conference introduced a track structure, with tracks for foundations, engineering, and management. These tracks cover not only different phenomena of interest and research methods, but, consequently, also ask for different evaluation criteria. Each track had a dedicated track chair and a dedicated Program Committee. The track chairs, together with a consolidation chair, were responsible for the scientific program. BPM 2018 was organized by the Service Oriented Computing Research Group, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, in collaboration with research groups at Macquarie University, the University of Technology Sydney, and the Service Science Society. The conference was held in Sydney, Australia, during September 9 14, 2018. The conference received 140 full paper submissions, well distributed over the tracks. Each paper was reviewed by at least three Program Committee members, and a Senior Program Committee member who triggered and moderated scientific discussions and reflected these in an additional meta-review. We accepted 27 excellent papers in the main conference (acceptance rate 19%), nine in each track. 14 submissions appeared in the BPM Forum, published in a separate volume of the Springer LNBIP series. Implementing the track system, we can report that (i) BPM continued to attract excellent papers from the core BPM community and (ii) BPM 2018 managed to attract excellent papers from the management discipline. In the words of BPM conference founder and long-time chair of the BPM Steering Committee Wil van der Aalst: The track system works. There were also lessons learned, which we expose in a short paper that can be found in these proceedings. In the foundations track led by Marco Montali, core BPM topics including process discovery and performance analysis were represented. There were also papers on conceptual modeling aspects including domain-specific process modeling, process collaborations, and aspects related to time in business processes. The engineering track was led by Ingo Weber. Structurally quite similar to the foundations track, there were papers related to phenomena that have been discussed at BPM in recent years, but there were also papers that open the conference to new topics, for instance machine learning aspects in BPM. The extension in breadth of the BPM conference can be found mainly in the management track, led by Jan vom Brocke. It is interesting to see that several papers concentrate on challenges related to method analysis and method selection. The value of technical solutions is analyzed with respect to their impact and usability in a concrete business context. This track also features papers about digital innovation and the role of business process management in this context. In his keynote, Manfred Reichert provided an engineering perspective on business process management, by investigating the relationship of BPM technology and

VI Preface Internet-of-Things scenarios. Brian Pentland took a management perspective on business processes by looking at patterns of actions in organizations and by proposing a novel role of BPM techniques. Sanjiva Weerawarana introduced Ballerina, a middleware platform that can play an important role in future BPM integration scenarios. Organizing a scientific conference is a complex process, involving many roles and many more interactions. We thank all our colleagues involved for their excellent work. The workshop chairs attracted 11 innovative workshops, the industry chairs organized a top-level industry program, and the demo chairs attracted many excellent demos. The panel chairs compiled an exciting panel, which opened doors to future research challenges. Without the publicity chairs, we could not have attracted such an excellent number of submissions. Younger researchers benefited from excellent tutorials; doctoral students received feedback about their work from experts in the field at the Doctoral Consortium. The mini-sabbatical program helped to bring additional colleagues to Australia. The proceedings chair professionally interacted with Springer and with the authors to prepare excellent volumes of LNCS and LNBIP. The members of the tracks Program Committees and of the Senior Program Committees deserve particular acknowledgment for their dedication and commitment. We are grateful for the help and expertise of sub-reviewers, who provided valuable feedback during the reviewing process and engaged in deep discussions at times. BPM 2018 had a dedicated process to consolidate paper acceptance across tracks. During the very intensive weeks of this phase, many Senior Program Committee members evaluated additional papers and were engaged in additional discussions. Special thanks goes to these colleagues, who were instrumental during this decisive phase of the reviewing process. Finally, we thank the Organizing Committee and the Local Arrangements Committee, led by Boualem Benatallah and Jian Yang. The development of the program structure was particularly challenging, because with the new track structure this year many more papers were accepted than traditionally at BPM. Still, we managed to avoid concurrency between main conference papers, while proving a packed, exciting program. Through their generous support, the sponsors of the conference had a great share in its success. We thank the conference partner Data61, the Platinum sponsor Signavio, the Gold sponsors Celonis and IBM Research, and the Bronze sponsors Bizagi and Springer for their support. We also thank the University of New South Wales and Macquarie University for their enormous and high-quality support. September 2018 Mathias Weske Marco Montali Ingo Weber Jan vom Brocke

Organization BPM 2018 was organized by the University of New South Wales, in collaboration with Macquarie University, the University of Technology Sydney, and the Service Science Society, and took place in Sydney, Australia. Steering Committee Mathias Weske (Chair) Boualem Benatallah Jörg Desel Schahram Dustdar Marlon Dumas Wil van der Aalst Michael zur Muehlen Stefanie Rinderle-Ma Barbara Weber Manfred Reichert Jan Mendling University of Potsdam, Germany University of New South Wales, Australia University of Hagen, Germany Vienna University of Technology, Austria University of Tartu, Estonia RWTH Aachen University, Germany Stevens Institute of Technology, USA University of Vienna, Austria Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Ulm University, Germany Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Executive Committee General Chairs Boualem Benatallah Jian Yang Program Chairs Mathias Weske (Consolidation Chair) Marco Montali (Chair Track I) Ingo Weber (Chair Track II) Jan vom Brocke (Chair Track III) Industry Chairs Fabio Casati Gero Decker Surya Nepal University of New South Wales, Australia Macquarie University, Australia University of Potsdam, Germany University of Bolzano, Italy Data61 CSIRO, Australia University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein University of Trento, Italy Signavio, Germany Data61 CSIRO, Australia

VIII Organization Workshops Florian Daniel Hamid Motahari Michael Sheng Demo Chairs Raffaele Conforti Massimiliano de Leoni Barbara Weber Publicity Chairs Cinzia Cappiello Daniela Grigori Oktay Türetken Lijie Wen Politecnico di Milano, Italy IBM, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, USA Macquarie University, Australia The University of Melbourne, Australia Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Politecnico di Milano, Italy Université Paris Dauphine, France Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Tsinghua University, China Sponsorship and Community Liaison Chairs François Charoy University of Lorraine, France Onur Demirors Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey and UNSW Sydney, Australia Fethi Rabhi UNSW Sydney, Australia Daniel Schlagwein UNSW Sydney, Australia Panel Chairs Athman Bouguettaya Mohand-Saïd Hacid Manfred Reichert Tutorial Chairs Marcello La Rosa Stefanie Rinderle-Ma Farouk Toumani The University of Sydney, Australia Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France Ulm University, Germany The University of Melbourne, Australia University of Vienna, Austria Blaise Pascale University, France Doctoral Consortium Chairs Yan Wang Macquarie University, Australia Josep Carmona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain Mini-Sabbatical Program Chairs Shazia Sadiq The University of Queensland, Australia Moe Thandar Wynn Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Organization IX Local Organization Liaison and Networking Chair Ghassan Beydoun University of Technology Sydney, Australia Local Arrangements Committee Olivera Marjanovic University of Technology Sydney, Australia (Co-chair) Lina Yao (Co-chair) UNSW Sydney, Australia Kyeong Kang University of Technology Sydney, Australia Wei Zhang Macquarie University, Australia Proceedings Chair Luise Pufahl University of Potsdam, Germany Web and Social Media Chair Amin Beheshti Macquarie University, Australia Track I (Foundations) Senior Program Committee Florian Daniel Dirk Fahland Giancarlo Guizzardi Thomas Hildebrandt Marcello La Rosa John Mylopoulos Manfred Reichert Jianwen Su Hagen Völzer Matthias Weidlich Program Committee Ahmed Awad Giuseppe De Giacomo Jörg Desel Claudio di Ciccio Chiara Di Francescomarino Rik Eshuis Hans-Georg Fill Guido Governatori Gianluigi Greco Richard Hull Irina Lomazova Alessio Lomuscio Politecnico di Milano, Italy Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark The University of Melbourne, Australia University of Toronto, Canada Ulm University, Germany University of California at Santa Barbara, USA IBM Research - Zurich, Switzerland Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany Cairo University, Egypt Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Fernuniversität in Hagen, Germany Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Fondazione Bruno Kessler-IRST, Italy Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands University of Bamberg, Germany Data61 CSIRO, Australia University of Calabria, Italy IBM, USA National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation Imperial College London, UK

X Organization Fabrizio Maria Maggi Andrea Marrella Heinrich C. Mayr Oscar Pastor Geert Poels Artem Polyvyanyy Wolfgang Reisig Arik Senderovich Andreas Solti Ernest Teniente Daniele Theseider Dupré Victor Vianu Lijie Wen University of Tartu, Estonia Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain Ghent University, Belgium Queensland University of Technology, Australia Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany University of Toronto, Canada Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy University of California San Diego, USA Tsinghua University, China Track II (Engineering) Senior Program Committee Jan Mendling Cesare Pautasso Hajo A. Reijers Stefanie Rinderle-Ma Pnina Soffer Wil van der Aalst Boudewijn van Dongen Jianmin Wang Barbara Weber Program Committee Marco Aiello Amin Beheshti Andrea Burattin Cristina Cabanillas Josep Carmona Fabio Casati Jan Claes Francisco Curbera Massimiliano de Leoni Jochen De Weerdt Remco Dijkman Marlon Dumas Schahram Dustdar Gregor Engels Joerg Evermann Walid Gaaloul Avigdor Gal Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria University of Lugano, Switzerland Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of Vienna, Austria University of Haifa, Israel RWTH Aachen University, Germany Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Tsinghua University, China Technical University of Denmark, Denmark University of Stuttgart, Germany Macquarie University, Australia Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain University of Trento, Italy Ghent University, Belgium IBM, USA Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands University of Tartu, Estonia Vienna University of Technology, Austria University of Paderborn, Germany Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Télécom SudParis, France Technion, Israel

Organization XI Luciano García-Bañuelos Chiara Ghidini Fondazione Daniela Grigori Dimka Karastoyanova Christopher Klinkmüller Agnes Koschmider Jochen Kuester Henrik Leopold Raimundas Matulevicius Massimo Mecella Hamid Motahari Jorge Munoz-Gama Hye-Young Paik Luise Pufahl Manuel Resinas Shazia Sadiq Minseok Song Stefan Tai Samir Tata Arthur Ter Hofstede Farouk Toumani Moe Wynn University of Tartu, Estonia Fondazione Bruno Kessler-IRST, Italy University of Paris-Dauphine, France University of Groningen, The Netherlands Data61 CSIRO, Australia Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Germany Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of Tartu, Estonia Sapienza University of Rome, Italy IBM, USA Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile The University of New South Wales, Australia University of Potsdam, Germany University of Seville, Spain The University of Queensland, Australia Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea Technical University of Berlin, Germany IBM, USA Queensland University of Technology, Australia Blaise Pascal University, France Queensland University of Technology, Australia Track III (Management) Senior Program Committee Joerg Becker Alan Brown Mikael Lind Peter Loos Amy Looy Olivera Marjanovic Jan Recker Maximilian Roeglinger Michael Rosemann Schmiedel Theresa Peter Trkman Program Committee Peyman Badakhshan Alessio Braccini Patrick Delfmann European Research Center for Information Systems, Germany University of Surrey, UK University of Borås, Sweden Saarland University, Germany Ghent University, Belgium University of Technology, Sydney, Australia University of Cologne, Germany University of Bayreuth, Germany Queensland University of Technology, Australia University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein University of Ljubljana, Slovenia University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein University of Tuscia, Italy University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany

XII Organization Peter Fettke Kathrin Figl Thomas Grisold Marta Indulska Mieke Jans Janina Kettenbohrer John Krogstie Xin Li Alexander Maedche Willem Mertens Charles Moeller Oliver Mueller Markus Nuettgens Ferdinando Pennarola Flavia Santoro Anna Sidorova Silvia Inês Dallavalle de Pádua Vijayan Sugumaran Oliver Thomas Harry Wang Charlotte Wehking Axel Winkelmann Dongming Xu Weithoo Yue Sarah Zelt Michael Zur Muehlen German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) and Saarland University, Germany Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria The University of Queensland, Australia Hasselt University, Belgium University of Bamberg, Germany Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Queensland University of Technology, Australia Aalborg University, Denmark IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark University of Hamburg, Germany Università L. Bocconi, Italy Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil University of North Texas, USA University of São Paulo, Brazil Oakland University, USA University of Osnabrück, Germany University of Delaware, USA University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein University of Würzburg, Germany The University of Queensland, Australia City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China University of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein Stevens Institute of Technology, USA Additional Reviewers Alessio Cecconi Alexey A. Mitsyuk Alin Deutsch Anna Kalenkova Anton Yeshchenko Armin Stein Azkario Rizky Pratama Bastian Wurm Benjamin Meis Benjamin Spottke Bian Yiyang Boris Otto Brian Setz Carl Corea Chiara Ghidini Christoph Drodt Daning Hu David Sanchez-Charles Fabio Patrizi Fabrizio Maria Maggi

Organization XIII Florian Bär Francesco Leotta Frank Blaauw Friedrich Holotiuk Giorgio Leonardi Gottfried Vossen Gul Tokdemir Harris Wu Heerko Groefsema Jennifer Hehn Jiaqi Yan Kieran Conboy Kimon Batoulis Kun Chen Laura Giordano Lele Kang Luciano García-Bañuelos Mauro Dragoni Michael Leyer Montserrat Estañol Nils Urbach Peyman Badakhshan Rene Abraham Riccardo De Masellis Robin Bergenthum Roope Jaakonmäki Saimir Bala Sebastian Steinau Sergey Shershakov Shan Jiang Stefan Oppl Sven Radszuwill Thomas Friedrich Tyge-F. Kummer Vladimir Bashkin Vladimir Zakharov Wei Wang Xavier Oriol Yuliang Li

XIV Organization Sponsors

Keynotes

Business Process Management in the Digital Era: Scenarios, Challenges, Technologies Manfred Reichert Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, Germany manfred.reichert@uni-ulm.de Abstract. The Internet of Things (IoT) has become increasingly pervasive in daily life as digitization plays a major role, both in the workplace and beyond. Along with the IoT, additional technologies have emerged, such as augmented reality, mobile and cognitive computing, blockchains or cloud computing, offering new opportunities for digitizing business processes. For example, the Industrial IoT is considered as essential for realizing the Industry 4.0 vision, which targets at the digital transformation of manufacturing processes by integrating smart machines, data analytics, and people at work. Though digitization is a business priority in many application areas, the role of digital processes and their relation with physical (i.e. real-world) ones have not been well understood so far, often resulting in an alignment gap between digital and physical process. In this keynote characteristic scenarios for digitizing processes in a cyber-physical world are illustrated and the challenges to be tackled are discussed. Moreover, a link between the scenarios and contemporary BPM technologies is established, indicating the mutual benefits of combining BPM with IoT and other digital technologies.

Beyond Mining: Theorizing About Processual Phenomena Brain T. Pentland Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Michigan State University, USA pentland@broad.msu.edu Abstract. For decades, process miners have been toiling deep in the event logs of digitized organizations. Through this collective experience, the process mining community has developed a powerful set of tools and a compelling set of use cases for those tools (discovering, monitoring, improving, etc.) In this talk, I want to suggest that some of these same tools may be useful for other entirely different kinds of problems. In particular, recognizing and comparing patterns of action should be useful for theorizing about a wide range of processual phenomena in organizational and social science.

Bringing Middleware to Everyday Developers with Ballerina Sanjiva Weerawarana Founder, Chairman and Chief Architect of WSO2, Sri Lanka sanjiva@wso2.com Abstract. Middleware plays an important role in making applications secure, reliable, transactional and scalable. Workflow management systems, transaction mangers, enterprise service buses, identity gateways, API gateways, application servers are some of the middleware tools that keep the world running. Yet everyday programmers don t have the luxury (or pain?) of such infrastructure and end up creating fragile systems that we all suffer from. Ballerina is a general purpose, concurrent, transactional and statically & strongly typed programming language with both textual and graphical syntaxes. Its specialization is integration - it brings fundamental concepts, ideas and tools of distributed system integration into the language and offers a type safe, concurrent environment to implement such applications. These include distributed transactions, reliable messaging, stream processing, workflows and container management platforms. Ballerina s concurrency model is built on the sequence diagram metaphor and offers simple constructs for writing concurrent programs. Its type system is a modern type system designed with sufficient power to describe data that occurs in distributed applications. It also includes a distributed security architecture to make it easier to write applications that are secure by design. This talk will look at how Ballerina makes workflow and other middleware features into inherent aspects of a programming language and how it can help bring middleware to everyday programmers to make all programs better.

Contents Reflections on BPM BPM: Foundations, Engineering, Management...................... 3 Mathias Weske, Marco Montali, Ingo Weber, and Jan vom Brocke Bringing Middleware to Everyday Programmers with Ballerina........... 12 Sanjiva Weerawarana, Chathura Ekanayake, Srinath Perera, and Frank Leymann Track I: Concepts and Methods in Business Process Modeling and Analysis Open to Change: A Theory for Iterative Test-Driven Modelling.......... 31 Tijs Slaats, Søren Debois, and Thomas Hildebrandt Construction Process Modeling: Representing Activities, Items and Their Interplay..................................... 48 Elisa Marengo, Werner Nutt, and Matthias Perktold Feature-Oriented Composition of Declarative Artifact-Centric Process Models............................................ 66 Rik Eshuis Animating Multiple Instances in BPMN Collaborations: From Formal Semantics to Tool Support.................................... 83 Flavio Corradini, Chiara Muzi, Barbara Re, Lorenzo Rossi, and Francesco Tiezzi Managing Decision Tasks and Events in Time-Aware Business Process Models............................................ 102 Roberto Posenato, Francesca Zerbato, and Carlo Combi Track I: Foundations of Process Discovery Interestingness of Traces in Declarative Process Mining: The Janus LTLp f Approach........................................... 121 Alessio Cecconi, Claudio Di Ciccio, Giuseppe De Giacomo, and Jan Mendling Unbiased, Fine-Grained Description of Processes Performance from Event Data........................................... 139 Vadim Denisov, Dirk Fahland, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst

XXII Contents Abstract-and-Compare: A Family of Scalable Precision Measures for Automated Process Discovery............................... 158 Adriano Augusto, Abel Armas-Cervantes, Raffaele Conforti, Marlon Dumas, Marcello La Rosa, and Daniel Reissner Correlating Activation and Target Conditions in Data-Aware Declarative Process Discovery.......................................... 176 Volodymyr Leno, Marlon Dumas, and Fabrizio Maria Maggi Track II: Alignments and Conformance Checking Efficiently Computing Alignments: Using the Extended Marking Equation... 197 Boudewijn F. van Dongen An Evolutionary Technique to Approximate Multiple Optimal Alignments... 215 Farbod Taymouri and Josep Carmona Maximizing Synchronization for Aligning Observed and Modelled Behaviour..................................... 233 Vincent Bloemen, Sebastiaan J. van Zelst, Wil M. P. van der Aalst, Boudewijn F. van Dongen, and Jaco van de Pol Online Conformance Checking Using Behavioural Patterns............. 250 Andrea Burattin, Sebastiaan J. van Zelst, Abel Armas-Cervantes, Boudewijn F. van Dongen, and Josep Carmona Track II: Process Model Analysis and Machine Learning BINet: Multivariate Business Process Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning............................................ 271 Timo Nolle, Alexander Seeliger, and Max Mühlhäuser Finding Structure in the Unstructured: Hybrid Feature Set Clustering for Process Discovery....................................... 288 Alexander Seeliger, Timo Nolle, and Max Mühlhäuser act2vec, trace2vec, log2vec, and model2vec: Representation Learning for Business Processes....................................... 305 Pieter De Koninck, Seppe vanden Broucke, and Jochen De Weerdt Who Is Behind the Model? Classifying Modelers Based on Pragmatic Model Features............................................ 322 Andrea Burattin, Pnina Soffer, Dirk Fahland, Jan Mendling, Hajo A. Reijers, Irene Vanderfeesten, Matthias Weidlich, and Barbara Weber

Contents XXIII Finding the Liberos : Discover Organizational Models with Overlaps..... 339 Jing Yang, Chun Ouyang, Maolin Pan, Yang Yu, and Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede Track III: Digital Process Innovation On the Synergies Between Business Process Management and Digital Innovation....................................... 359 Amy Van Looy Effective Leadership in BPM Implementations: A Case Study of BPM in a Developing Country, Public Sector Context............... 376 Rehan Syed, Wasana Bandara, and Erica French Conceptualizing a Framework to Manage the Short Head and Long Tail of Business Processes....................................... 392 Florian Imgrund, Marcus Fischer, Christian Janiesch, and Axel Winkelmann Using Business Process Compliance Approaches for Compliance Management with Regard to Digitization: Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review.......................................... 409 Stefan Sackmann, Stephan Kuehnel, and Tobias Seyffarth Big Data Analytics as an Enabler of Process Innovation Capabilities: A Configurational Approach................................... 426 Patrick Mikalef and John Krogstie Track III: Method Analysis and Selection Assessing the Quality of Search Process Models..................... 445 Marian Lux, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma, and Andrei Preda Predictive Process Monitoring Methods: Which One Suits Me Best?....... 462 Chiara Di Francescomarino, Chiara Ghidini, Fabrizio Maria Maggi, and Fredrik Milani How Context-Aware Are Extant BPM Methods? - Development of an Assessment Scheme.................................... 480 Marie-Sophie Denner, Maximilian Röglinger, Theresa Schmiedel, Katharina Stelzl, and Charlotte Wehking Process Forecasting: Towards Proactive Business Process Management..... 496 Rouven Poll, Artem Polyvyanyy, Michael Rosemann, Maximilian Röglinger, and Lea Rupprecht Author Index... 513