NORMS, VALUES, AND SOCIETY VIENNA CIRCLE INSTITUTE YEARBOOK [1994] 2
VIENNA CIRCLE INSTITUTE YEARBOOK [1994] 2 Institut 'Wiener Kreis' SOCIETY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD CONCEPTION Series-Editor: Friedrich Stadler Scientific Head, Institut 'Wiener Kreis' Advisory Editorial Board: Rudolf Haller, University of Grm, Austria, Coordinator Kurt E. Baier, University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Francesco Barone, University of Pisa, Italy Nancy Cartwright, London School of Economics, U.K. Robert S. Cohen, Boston University, U.s.A. Wilhelm K. Essler, University of Frankfurt/M., Germany Kurt R. Fischer, University of Vienna, Austria Michael Friedman, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. Peter Galison, Harvard University, US.A. Adolf Griinbaum, University of Pittsburgh, US.A. Rainer Hegselmann, University of Bremen, Germany Gerald Holten, Harvard University, US.A. Allan S. Janik, Universities of Innsbruck and Vienna, Austria Richard Jeffrey, Princeton University, US.A. Andreas KamIah, University ~ f O s n a Germany b r u c k, Saul A. Kripke, Princeton University, USA. Werner Leinfellner, Technical University of Vienna, Austria Brian McGuinness, University of Siena, Italy Helga Nowotny, University of Vienna, Austria Joell.7 Proust, Ecole Poly technique CREA Paris, France Jan Sebestik, CNRS Paris, France Hans Sluga, University of California, Berkeley, US.A. Antonia Soulez, University of Nancy, France Christian Thiel, University of Erlangen, Germany Marx W. Wartofsky, City University ~ New f York, USA. Ruth Wodak, University of Vienna, Austria Honorary Consulting Editors: Carl G. Hempel, Princeton, U.S.A. Stephan Korner, Bristol, u.k. Henk Mulder, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Paul Neurath, New York, US.A.Nienna, Austria Willard Van Orman Quine, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Editorial Staff: Eckehart Kohler Thomas E. Uebel Editorial WorklLayoutlProduction: Silvia Stoller Ulrike Weidner Janos Bekesi Robert Kaller Editorial Address: Institut 'Wiener Kreis', MuseumstraBe 512119, A-I 070 Wien, Austria, Tel.IFax: +431/5261005 (international) or (0222)5261005 (national) Volume 1: F. Stadler (ed.), Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Developments. 1993 (see also end of this volume) ISBN 0-7923-2526-5
NORMS, VALUES, AND SOCIETY Edited by HERLINDE PAUER-STUDER University a/vienna SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.Y.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-4458-7 ISBN 978-94-017-2454-8 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-2454-8 Series ISSN 0929-6328 Gedruckt mit Forderung des Osterreichischen Bundesministeriums fiir Wissenschaft und Forschung/ Printed on acidjree paper Ali Rights Reserved 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
v TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL... IX Articles: Norms, Values, and Society ERNST TUGENDHAT, Justice... 1 MANFRED GEIER, The Quest for Happiness: Traces of Ancient Life Wisdom Within the Moral Philosophical Context of the Vienna Circle... 13 ELISABETH NEMETH, Empiricism and the Norms of Scientific Knowledge: Some Reflections on Otto Neurath and Pierre Bourdieu... 23 ERNST TUGENDHAT, The Controversy About Human Rights... 33 ANTON LEIST, Some Problems in the Justification of Moral Rights..... 43 THOMAS W. POGGE, "Just are the Social Institutions that are Best for their Participants": A Critical Examination... 57 SUSAN MOLLER OKIN, Gender and Political Equality... 73 PETER KOLLER, Moral Conduct Under Conditions of Moral Imperfection................................ 93 MASSIMO LA TORRE, Law and Morality: A Modest Assessment...... 113 LUDWIG NAGL, (How) Can Law be Legitimated? Habermas, Rawls, Dworkin................................. 131 GEORG GRAF, Contract Law and the Ethical Neutrality of the State: Some Thoughts About Liberalism and Communitarianism... 143 ALEXANDER SOMEK, Democracy and the Problem of Collective Identity: Conceptual Distinctions Without Deference to Carl Schmitt... 153
VI DIETER BIRNBACHER, Two Methods of Doing Bioethics........... 173 URSULA WOLF, Applied Ethics, Applying Ethics and the Methods of Ethics................................ 187 ALLAN S. JANIK, Professional Ethics 'Applies' Nothing........... 197 PHILIPPA FOOT, Rationality and Virtue... 205 JULIAN NIDA-RDMELIN, Rationality and Morality... 217 RAINER HEGSELMANN, Humboldt's Argument Against the Welfare State: A Reconstruction in Terms of Game Theory 229 ANNETTE C. BAIER, The Possibility of Sustaining Trust... 245 GERHARD STREMINGER, David Hume's Criticism of Traditional Ethics................................ 261 HERLINDE PAUER-STUDER, Kant and Social Sentiments 279 Documentation EDITORIAL REMARKS 289 RUDOLF CARNAP, Science and Analysis of Language... 291 PHILIPP FRANK, The Position of Einstein's Theory of Relativity in the Evolution of Science............................ 295 CHARLES W. MORRIS, Semiotic, the Socio-Humanistic Sciences, and the Unity of Science... 301 EDGAR ZILSEL, The Social Roots of Science.................. 305 Reviews Rudolf Haller: Neopositivismus. Eine historische EinfUhrung in die Philosophie des Wiener Kreises, Darmstadt 1993 (Manfred Geier)................................. 309 Paul Neurath I Elisabeth Nemeth (eds.): Otto Neurath oder die Einheit von Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft, Vienna 1994 (Thomas E. Uebel)... 312
Einheitswissenschaft. Ed. by Joachim Schulte and Brian McGuinness, Frankfurt 1992 (Julian Nida-Riimelin)... 317 Einheit der Wissenschaften: Intemationales Kolloquium der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bonn, July 25-27, 1990. Ed. by the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Berlin/New York 1991 (Julian Nida-Riimelin)... 318 Wissenschaft und Subjektivitiit. Science and Subjectivity. Der Wiener Kreis und die Philosophie des 20. lahrhunderts. The Vienna Circle and Twentieth Century Philosophy. Ed. by David Bell and Wilhelm Vossenkuhl, Berlin 1992 (Werner Sauer)... 320 Rudolf Camap: Mein Weg in die Philosophie. Ed. by Willy Hochkeppel, Stuttgart 1993 (Werner Sauer)... 321 Review Essays THOMAS E. UEBEL, The Positivism Dispute Revisited: Hans-Joachim Dahms: Positivismusstreit. Die Auseinandersetzungen der Frankfurter Schule mit dem logischen Positivismus, dem amerikanischen Pragmatismus und dem kritischen Rationalismus, Frankfurt 1994.................................. 323 CHRISTOPH F. STRNADL, Karl Menger's Intellectual Autobiography: Karl Menger: Reminiscences of the Vienna Circle and the Mathematical Colloquium. Ed. by L. Golland, B. McGuinness, A. Sklar, DordrechtlBostonlLondon 1994... 330 Activities of the Institute Vienna Circle SURVEY 1993/94... 337 PREVIEW 1994/95... 339 PuBLICATIONS... 341 INTERNAL PROJECTS... 342 vn INDEX OF NAMES... 343
IX EDITORIAL In October 1993 the Institute Vienna Circle held its second international symposion entitled Norms, Values, and Society, devoted to problems in ethics and social philosophy. The main section of this volume contains nearly all the papers given at this conference. The second section, Documentation, contains previously unpublished papers by Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Charles W. Morris and Edgar Zilsel. These contributions were sent in as preprints to the Fifth International Congress for the Unity of Science which took place at Harvard University from the third to the ninth of September, 1939. The planned publication of these papers in Vol. 9 of the journal Erkenntnis became impossible due to the outbreak of World War II. The sections Reviews and Review Essays are reserved for important recent publications on the topics "Vienna Circle" and "Logical Empiricism". In the last part of the volume the activities and publications of the Institute Vienna Circle in 1993/94 as well as the planned projects for 1994/95 are documented. The conference Norms, Values, and Society, which took place in an atmosphere of intense and fruitful discussion could not have been realized without the cooperation and efforts of the whole staff of the Institute and its director Friedrich Stadler, whom I all wish to thank. My special thanks go to Silvia Stoller and Ulrike Weidner for their considerable help in preparing the publication of this volume, to Charles Kasdon, Camilla R. Nielsen and Eckehart Kohler for their linguistic assistance, to Christoph F. Strnadl for further proof-reading, and to Thomas E. Uebel for his help with the English-language editions. Vienna, May 1994 Herlinde Pauer-Studer