INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE. Presentation on REAL TIME CADASTRAL SURVEYING SOLUTION WITH A SPECIAL IMPHESIS TO MODERN GPS TECHNOLOGY.

Transcription

1 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE Presentation on REAL TIME CADASTRAL SURVEYING SOLUTION WITH A SPECIAL IMPHESIS TO MODERN GPS TECHNOLOGY By: Prof. Kamal Jain, Dept. of Civil Engg. IIT-Roorkee

2 AIM Aim of this Lecture This lecture reviews the current Cadastral Surveying and Mapping System with the view to identifying the areas that lead to high and unaffordable cadastral survey services and suggest a real time cadastral surveying solution, while giving equal importance to desired mapping accuracy, ease of work and cost of surveying. 2

3 DEFINITION OF A CADASTRE A parcel-based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land. Cadastre usually includes a geometric description of parcels linked to other records describing the nature of interests, ownership or control over these, and often the value of the parcel and its improvements. (International Federation of Surveyors, FIG 2005) 3

4 DEFINITION OF A CADASTRE Cadastres 1. were historically develop to collect land taxes (fiscal purpose) 2. are now widely adopted to support land registration (legal purpose) 3. are becoming a tool to improve land development (physical purpose) 4. typically consist of: - A cartographic inventory of property parcels indicating parcel boundaries and Unique Parcel Identifier (cadastral plans) - A register of interests (rights, restrictions, responsibilities) and interest holders (eg. owners) 4

5 CADASTRAL MAP CONTENT 5

6 COMPUTERIZATION OF LAND RECORDS Three Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) : Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of LandRecords(SR&ULR)[ ] Computerization of land records(colr)[ ] National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP) [2008] 6

7 STRENGTHENING OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION AND UPDATING OF LAND RECORDS (SR & ULR ) Started in Funding pattern 50:50 (for UTs 100%) Strengthening & modernizing revenue machinery - construction of buildings, purchase of survey equipment, vehicles, carrying out survey & settlement operations, digitization of survey records, maps/storage facilities and strengthening training institutes. 7

8 COMPUTERIZATION OF LAND RECORDS (COLR) [ ] Started in % Central Assistance Initially Pilot Projects in 8 districts in 8 States launched Extended to all the States/Uts Components data entry of textual data, cadastral maps digitization, data centres in tehsils and sub-division level, district land records data centers, monitoring cell at State headquarter and training on computer awareness and application software. 8

9 NLRMP Started in 2008 Main Objectives: Tousherinasystemofreal-timelandrecords Automatic Mutation Integration between Textual and Spatial Records Inter-connectivity between land records and registration systems Presumptive title system to conclusive titling system 9

10 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 1. Triangulation E C D γ θ ω α β B A 10

11 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 1. Triangulation 2. Distance and Bearing Distance: 6.95 m Azimuth: º C D Distance: 7.12 m Azimuth: º E Distance: m Azimuth: º B Distance: m Azimuth: º A Distance: m Azimuth: º 11

12 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 1. Triangulation 2. Distance and Bearing 3. Photogrammetry D E C B A 12

13 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 1. Triangulation 2. Distance and Bearing 3. Photogrammetry 4. Global positioning D E C B A 13

14 TYPICAL GPS RANGING ERRORS 14

15 DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION A correction is calculated by comparing the known location to the location determined by the GPS satellites The correction is then applied to the other receivers (known as the rover ) calculated position 15

16 POST-PROCESSED Advantages Higher accuracy Reliability Free Disadvantages After the fact Requires post-processing software 16

17 REAL-TIME: ADVANTAGES Advantages Immediacy Better accuracy in field Disadvantages Latency Can be unavailable / unreliable Some sources expensive (WAAS is free) Possible datum shift error 17

18 VIRTUAL REFERENCE STATION The Virtual Reference Station concept is based on having a network of GPS reference stations continuously connected via data links to a control center. A computer at the control center continuously gathers the information from all receivers, and creates a living database of Regional Area Corrections. These are used to create a Virtual Reference Station, situated only a few meters from where any rover is situated, together with the raw data, which would have come from it. Reference station data streams back to server through LAN, Internet, or radio links Roving receiver sends an NMEA string back to server using cellular modem. Virtual Reference Station position is established. Server uses VRS position to create corrected observables and broadcasts them to rover 18

19 VRS Accuracy (Repeatable) < 1 (2.5 cm) Initialization < 1 min» Instant access to real time kinematic(rtk) corrections» Ideal when centimeter-accuracy is a must» Built in redundancy to ensure connectivity, consistency and quality» Obtain the same high level accuracy without the cost or maintenance of owning/ operating a base station»newcoverageingeorgiaandnewmexico 19

20 CENTERPOINT RTX Accuracy (Repeatable) < 1.5 (4 cm) Initialization 1-5 min (Satellite Only)» The easiest and most accessible means to get high accuracy positioning» High accuracy solution available nearly anywhere in the world without the cost and maintenance of owning/operating a base station» Use for any application that requires high accuracy, centimeter-level positioning» and QZSS enabled for better coverage and reliability» Built in redundancy to ensure connectivity, consistency and quality» Satellite coverage as pictured, IP/cellular delivery available worldwide 20

21 OMNISTAR HP Accuracy (Repeatable) < 2-4 (6-10 cm) Initialization Standard» High performance accuracy solution when decimeter level accuracy is required» Compatible with a large variety of GNSS receivers 21

22 OMNISTAR G2 & OMNISTAR XP Accuracy (Repeatable) < 3-4 (8-10 cm) Initialization Standard» Reliable, widely available satellite coverage» Compatible with a large variety of GNSS receivers» OmniSTARG2 service includes GLONASS satellites for even more reliable coverage time 22

23 DGPS SOURCES 23

24 VRS NOW H-STAR Accuracy (Repeatable) < 4 (10 cm) Initialization < 1 min» Instant access to real time kinematic (RTK) corrections» Accuracy without the cost and maintenance of owning/operating base stations» Built in redundancy to ensure connectivity, consistency, and quality 24

25 RANGEPOINT RTX Accuracy (Repeatable) < 20 (50 cm) Initialization 1-5 min» Accuracy is a significant improvement over regional differential systems such as WAAS, EGNOS or SBAS» Use when the highest accuracy is not required» Satellite coverage as pictured, mobile data available worldwide 25

26 DATA PREPRATION: METHODOLOGY High Resolution Satellite Imagery Ground Control Points Identification High Resolution Satellite Imagery Object based Image Classification [Forest and Water Body Digitization ] GCP Points GPS Survey Georeferencing [Coordinate & Projection System] Topology Validation Topology Error Correction Land Parcel Identification & Validation Final Cadastral Map 26

27 LAND PARCEL TO GIS READY CADASTRAL MAP 27

28 SURVEY: METHODOLOGY 28

29 KORBA: SURVEY MANAGEMENT 29

30 GIS READY DIGITIZATION 30

31 GIS READY MAP 31

32 HANDHELD SURVEYING KIT 32

33 KORBA ON SITE SURVEY 33

34 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PORTAL 34

35 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PORTAL 35

36 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PORTAL: Attribute Information 36

37 RESULTS: GIS READY MAP PUBLISH Figure. Map with unique ownership records Figure. Map with unique Khasra numbers 37

38 RESULTS: ASSOCIATED ATTRIBUTE 38

39 RESULTS: GIS READY MAP SERVER 39

40 Thanks 40