COLLABORATIVE DATA. We are living in a data rich age yet we lack the infrastructure to share this networked assets and support citizen science.

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1 COLLABORATIVE DATA We are living in a data rich age yet we lack the infrastructure to share this networked assets and support citizen science.

2 INCLUSIVE We are growing the capacity to separate assets into their fractional parts, allowing for mass participation in our cities yet we lack the political capacity.

3 COLLABORATIVE DATA e.g. Open North NATURAL/ ENVIRONMENTAL e.g. Gibsons PROPERTY e.g. Civic Commons HYBRID INFRA. e.g. Jakarta LAND e.g. Camden Highline Tangible assets Intangible assets Five futures Tools/Mechanisms EMERGING CLASS OF INVESTABLE CIVIC ASSETS

4 COLLABORATIVE DATA e.g. Open North NATURAL/ ENVIRONMENTAL e.g. Gibsons PROPERTY e.g. Civic Commons HYBRID INFRA. e.g. Jakarta LAND e.g. Camden Highline Tangible assets Intangible assets Five futures Tools/Mechanisms EMERGING CITY ASSETS Insurance Investment Tax DIFFERENT TACTICS Accounting Procurement Causebond Collective Impact fund Resilience bond Improvement District Social Impact Bond Natural Capital Mini municipal bond Value Capture Tax TOOLS AND MECHANISMS Community Anchor Institution Service Agreements Transparent governance Democratised finance System financing Futureoriented finance

5 PROGRAMMABLE PROPERTY A Land Rights Management Platform Hypothesis map 28/09/2017 v.0.2 Programmable Property proposes that each ownable property has a secure digital account which holds the rights to the land on which it sits. These rights would be in token form and consist of use, resource, development, future use and future development rights. By unbundling these rights and building the infrastructure to make them tradable, we can democratise the ability to enact these rights. By linking these rights tokens (via smart contracting) to local infrastrcuture projects (transport, schools, parks, community energy farms) we can imagine new ways of funding development and regeneration that separates the value of using the land, from the value of speculating with it. DIGITAL LAND RIGHTS TOKENS Digitising and tokenising land rights allows the value they create to be automatically linked to common infrastructure funding. They can also be seperated and traded individually and broken down into fractal parts to introduce different forms of ownership and use into the land economy. Digitising and democratising land rights makes them useable, and therefore can stimulate greater flexibility and possibilities in the housing market. By seperating the value that land rights create, we can encourage new and more distributed economies. REALTIME TAXATION PROGRAMMABLE LAND RIGHTS ECONOMY 01 NEW INFRASTRUCTURE RELEASES RIGHTS TOKENS The development rights token allows the holder to build on the plot within current planning regulations. This is linked to the use token so that although they can be traded separately, the holder of the use token must be given the use right of the land or be given a same or better offer on a site they agree to. FRACTAL OWNERSHIP ECONOMY e.g. RIGHTS TOKEN x 1 SOLE OWNERSHIP TITLE RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION The transaction of and rights token could be linked to automatically calculate and transfer tax at the point of transaction. By unbundling the land economy and creating new ones (based on use, development, future use and future development) taxation can be targeted more acutely. RESOURCES Future development rights are linked to infrastructure. On the completion of new public infrastructure (schools, transport, etc.) future development rights are unlocked. These rights are separately tradable and can be linked via smart contracting as an initial funding mechanism for common infrastructure. x 2 JOINT RIGHTS OWNERSHIP RESOURCES Funding decentralised public infrastructure, like sustainable energy production, is made possible through individually tradable resource rights tokens. This means that each token holder could lease or sell the rights to produce energy on a given piece of land. LOCAL HOUSING PROVISION 02 Use rights allow access to use the land and building, much like a shared ownership schemes in Scandinavian countries. Holding use rights guarantees that any redevelopment on the land must provide the same use rights to whoever holds them. In larger city blocks use rights could be divided to encourage collective governance and finance models. x 5 COLLECTIVE HOME FINANCING (family/friends) Development rights could be issued by a local authorities or developers aiming to build local common infrastructure, in order to raise a pool of capital to fund the project. Surrounding properties would be offered the chance to purchase development rights on their land or sell them on. These would be linked to use tokens to ensure any development would need the consent of the current tenants. TITLE LINKED TOKENS TO NEARBY PROPERTY ARE AUTOMATICALLY REGISTERED WITH EACH LAND OWNER RESOURCES SCHOOL RESOURCES TITLE Tradable resources rights allow the purchase and rental of natural assets (water, energy, food, etc.). This could allow distributed solar energy production by issuing energy production rights tokens on your property that can be linked to your energy bills or maintenance costs via a smart contract. Title rights token represents the evidence of ownership of land. By making this digital it allows for instant and secure taxation, transaction and changing of title details. Tokenisation allows the deed to be divisible; lowering the barriers to cooperative ownership models and mortgage financing. x 10 NEIGHBOURHOOD RENEWAL / INFILL DEVELOPER x 100 COOPERATIVE HOUSING GROUP & COMMUNITY LAND TRUSTS x 100,000 CROWD FUNDED CITY REGENERATION FLEXIBLE & AFFORDABLE RENT Conditions could also be programmed in to reflect density and sustainability targets are linked to planning or loan applications. Spliting tokens would allow funding to be raised between any number of people (with automatic caps being placed on upper limit investment) making massive collective ownership possible. 100yr use rights could be sold/leased in any time blocks (days/weeks/years/decades) allowing house financing to be funded through the sale of development rights, massively reducing rental costs. FLEXIBLE & AFFORDABLE RENT On the completion of new public infrastructure (schools, transport, etc.) future development rights are unlocked on surrounding properties. These rights are separately tradable and can be linked via smart contracting as an initial funding mechanism for common infrastructure.

6 SYSTEM VENTURING MODEL FOR COMMON GOODS Hypothesis mapping 01/09/2017 v.0.1 Emerging digital infrastructure allows us to imagine a new future of Commons funding in the 21st century. This hypthosis map aims to lay the foundation for a white paper that would outline the wider vision as well as the regulatory and technological barriers at play. PROGRAMMABLE INFRASTRUCTURE ENABLING TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS NEW SYSTEMS REVENUE CAPTURE SCENARIOS Animation of Camden Highline through technologically enabled outcomes incentives Currently adjacent land value increase remains private gain. New digital common infrastructure enables the coordination and interoperability of open data and revenue streams. The combination of the massive reduction in cost of sensors, realworld data and radical automation will enable common infrastructure. Digital Land registry Digital Covenant / Deeds Smart Real Estate contracting Real Time Sensor Feedback (air pollution, congestion, noise pollution) Digital Compliance (planning regs) Real time commercial investment flow (footfall) DIGITISED PUBLIC REGISTRIES AND SERVICES Open APIs for land registry, professional registries, covenant databases, subsidies, local development plans, protected designations, etc. 2ND GENERATION REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT FUNDS New mechanisms for investing for outcomes with synthetic returns from secondary effects and future liability mitigation. PRIVATE LAND TRANSACTIONS Any future real estate transactions of adjacent properties share a proportion of the value increase caused by the new commons investment. This could be calculated through difference in real time mean market prices between the adjacent properties and the surrounding area. INVESTING IN THE HIGHLINE Capital investment leveraged through new commons business model. Future returns and commons investment are guaranteed through the capture of value uplift by new programmable infrastructure. VALUE UPLIFT New commons infrastructure allows the sharing of surplus property value uplift of the adjacent properties driven new commons investment (Camden Highline). 1 Land value increase 2 Increased footfall/occupancy 3 Reduction in future social liabilities (obesity, isolation, air pollution, etc.) HIGHLINE TRUST Groups of representatives, street champions and advocates New public commons is held in a trust mechanism with local, accountable governance able to make collective agreement, standards, rules and protocols BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING Broad adoption of BIM and extension of BIM standards to include typically subcontracted components and allow for performance testing. AGGREGATEABLE WARRANTIES AND INSURANCE Easy to combine algorithmic warranties and insurance allow for effective contingency planning and reduced costs. SMART PRICING FOR UTILITIES Realtime algorithmic pricing for utilities (energy, water, data) allowing multiple flexible tiers. PEDESTRIAN FOOTFALL Retail rental rates are pegged to real time footfall and occupancy levels of the commons, which are in turn linked to improvement and maintenance of civic space. AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Realtime air quality proxies enable outcomes based preventative investment from health care services and local government. HEALTH OUTCOMES CAMDEN HIGHLINE New physical space as public commons able to capture new types of value. COMMONS 2.0 BUSINESS MODEL

7 THE HEALTH ECONOMY REFRAMING HEALTH ACCOUNTING THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF LIABILITIES_ HEALTHCARE 01 TREATMENT INNOVATION Problem already arisen Treatment after the crystalisation of problem TOWARDS A HEALTH ECONOMY 08 HEALTHCARE PROTOCOLS Zero carbon healthy food production Likelihood of problem can be forecasted Innovation focused on accounting for future liabilties Outcome based urban planning for healthy neighbourhoods Distributed accountaibility for informal community care Ondemand social perscribing Neighbourhood outcome commissioning Creating a truely preventative healthcare model at a system level has largely escaped our current governments, healthcare institutions, private and thrid sector providers. However, with new financial models aided by a new technological capacity to plan, predict and prevent future health costs we are witnessing a shift in both healthcare as a space for innovation, and the very model of healthcare itself. TECH INFRASTRUCTURE INNOVATION 06 SERVICE DESIGN & COMMISSIONING CODESIGN This diagram outlines the shift from todays treatment innovation to the technological and financial models needed to underpin the next wave of preventative healthcare innovation. 02 SOCIETAL COST OF SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT 03 PROJECTED COST Social Impact Bonds 04 CAPACITY Understanding and formalising of future health costs in realtime Ammortizing costs of current health trajectories Machine learning live TECH STARTUP VENTURES DATA DRIVEN PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS DIGITAL HEALTH BEHAVIOURAL NUDGE MARKET WELLBEING RESEARCH PREDICATIVE FINANCE MODELS INNOVATION INVESTMENT A NEW ECONOMY ECOSYSTEM 05 Big Data Smart contingent contracts City data sharing

8 ORIENTED FINANCING DEMOCRATISED FINANCE TRANSPARENT GOVERNANCE SYSTEM FINANCING