Flexible tenure. 1 Global Innovation assessment - Human Cities Coalition

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1 Flexible tenure Decision making process: Explore to develop new mechanisms to better integrate community needs into existing city development/housing plans, in particular plans around development of new housing with focus on water-related challenges. This should lead to more inclusive planning on housing for urban slum communities as well as sufficient security of tenure when moving into a new house. Flexible tenure mechanisms: ways to give slum community members security on their tenure, without having full ownership of the land. We look at flexible tenure in the context of affordable housing. Job creation: job creation of slum community members in construction and maintenance of houses and water/ electricity related solutions. The construction of houses itself is outside of the scope of the program, since this will be facilitated through the larger masterplan. 1 Global assessment - Human Cities Coalition

2 What if including the poor in urban upgrading processes leads to economic growth for each party, why not giving it a try here? A successful example of housing improvement, land-tenure security, and infrastructure development that places slum communities at the center of the upgrading process. The Baan Mankong (meaning secure housing in Thai) Collective Housing Program was launched to address the housing problems of the country s poorest urban citizens. Starting with pilot upgrading processes the successful program is now rolled out in the whole country having upgrading projects in 1,010 communities in 226 towns and cities, involving 54,000 households. slum community are now investing in their environment local economy was preserved and even strengthened by the creation of tenure The program channels government funds, in the form of infrastructure subsidies and soft housing and land loans, directly to poor communities, which plan and carry out improvements to their housing, environment, basic services and tenure security and manage the budget themselves. Instead of delivering housing units to individual poor families, the Baan Mankong Program puts Thailand s slum communities (and their community networks) at the center of a process of developing long-term, comprehensive solutions to problems of land and housing in Thai cities. governmental or other funds needs to be available full integration in governmental and community structures CODI is a public organization with a goal to build a strong societal base using the collective power of civil groups and community organizations. 2 Global assessment - Human Cities Coalition

3 How playing a game leads to liveable and sustainable neighbourhoods? The Urban Collaboration Game and the Urban Planning Game are games which function as workshop tools for the facilitation of multi stakeholder processes in cities. Stakeholders involved in a specific area are mobilized around a common agenda on the basis of their own interest. Each stakeholder has its own incentive Challenge: How to create a common agenda? (Images and tools make by Cordaid) These multi stakeholder process models (Participatory Urban Risk Reduction Planning Process) are ensuring that all relevant local stakeholders are engaged like the financial sector, service providers, local authorities and the residents. Cordaid has developed specific tools such as the Urban Collaboration Game and the Community managed disaster risk reduction training manual. They do that by signing partnership agreements and implement smart solutions. Improbable relations are enabled such as between private sector investors or local banks and the residents. Real solutions are only feasible if and when inhabitants, also called the bottom of the pyramid, are allowed to play a leading role. Their needs and possibilities have to be the starting point. Over Urban resilience The Smart Solution Urban Resilience reduces people s vulnerability, strengthens their capacity and reduces the risk of hazards in slums. Cordaid and local partners poor are playing a leading role in the process the tool can be used in many situations worldwide poor bring their needs at the table 8 3 Global assessment - Human Cities Coalition

4 From an unplanned slum maze of narrow alleys to spacious inner lanes Yerwada slum area has gone through a remarkable transformation. Where once there was citiscope.org/story/2015/seven-lessons-successful-slum-upgrading-project an unplanned maze of narrow alleys, now there are spacious inner lanes. Ramshackle homes made of bamboo sticks and asbestos sheets have been replaced by sturdier structures made of brick and mortar with room for small squares. The changes in Yerwada are unusual in India for two reasons: First, they improved the area without razing it and relocating the residents elsewhere, as remains improvement of housing slum community is investing in their environment job creation the general approach to illegal squatter settlements in cities across India. Yerwada s residents have had to put up with a lot of demolition and construction, but the fabric of their neighborhood and all of the social and business connections woven into it remains intact. Second, engaging residents was an important part of the process using lessons: Map the existing layout. Retain what can be kept of the existing area. needs subsidies relatively long implementation period Build up, not out. Use local labor. 8 Employ spatial modeling. Housing isn t free. Prasanna Desai Architects in collaboration with the Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers (NGO) full integration in community structures local SME involvement 4 Global assessment - Human Cities Coalition

5 How to develop forms of flexible tenure which give sufficient security for slum community? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/flexible_land_tenure_system_(namibia) The basic idea of the Namibia Flexible Land Tenure System is to establish an interchangeable tenure registration system parallel and complementary to the formal system. The FLTS concept is to establish a flexible, interchangeable system parallel and complementary to the current formal system of freehold tenure. These attributes can be explained as follows: flexible - in the sense that it is at the discretion of the local authorities to choose the appropriate type of tenure for the formalization of an informal settlement. interchangeable - in the sense that the different tenure types catered for in the parallel registries can be upgraded, and parallel - parallel to the existing freehold registration system in the sense that parallel institutions will be responsible for the registration of different tenure types. Two new types of tenures were introduced within the system and additional to the existing freehold (full) tenure, namely the starter title and the land hold title. Both titles are individual types of tenure but group based, in that the outside boundary of a block earmarked for titling under the FLTS is professionally surveyed and registered under the freehold tenure system at the Deeds Registry while individual tenure rights are subsequently registered in the newly established Land Rights Offices. Ownership of the block can be with the local authority, a private owner or a community based organization. The community need to be organized in an association. Government of Namibia Oxfam/Ibis Denmark land rights will give community security of tenure which leads to security to invest eg. community groups can also be used for other means (training, credits eg) Possiblities to scale - once the system is established by the government, scaling is relatively easy organizing the community/forming associations takes time Full aligned with local governmental systems Creating stronger community sense by forming associations 5 Global assessment - Human Cities Coalition

6 Makoko Floating school Makoko Floating School is a prototype floating structure located on the lagoon in Lagos. As a pilot project, it has taken an innovative approach to address the community s social and physical needs. Its main aim is to generate sustainable, ecological, alternative building systems and urban water cultures. Create a common agenda Makoko Floating School is a floating structure located in Lagos, Nigeria. What makes this project innovative is that already in the design phase the community was engaged and the design was done in a way that locally produced materials could be used afterwards. The whole structure was build by local SMEs and community members. : United Nations Development Programme/Federal Ministry of Environment (AAP), Heinrich Böll Foundation, Tafeta & Partner job creation/ creation of entrepreneurship needs a financier (government/ donors/ foundations) inclusive process local SMEs where part of construction job creation 6 Global assessment - Human Cities Coalition