Civil Society and the rise of communitybased approaches to planning and development in London

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1 Towards a Sustainable and Just City Region? Civil Society and the rise of communitybased approaches to planning and development in London TU Berlin 29 November 2013 Professor Nick Bailey baileyn@westminster.ac.uk

2 Civil Society Multiple meanings Different formations national charities, areabased, issue-based third sector organisations Uneven geographical distribution Simple legal and organisational structures Long history of charitable activities in UK Response to shrinking of the state and public investment in communities and places No coherent strategy e.g. Big Society, Localism, forums

3 Defining social and community enterprise

4 The complexities of planning in London educating for

5 Development Trusts are.. Engaged in economic, social and environmental regeneration of a defined are or community of interest; Independent, not-for-profit, aiming for sustainability; Community based, owned and managed; Actively involved in partnerships with stakeholders; (usually) a registered company limited by guarantee; (usually) a registered charity.

6 Coin Street Community Builders

7 Westway Development Trust

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9 Westway Development Trust

10 Comparing two trusts in London Coin Street Westway Land ownership Freehold Long lease from council and DoT Year founded Legal status Company limited by guarantee charity Company limited by guarantee Charity Assets 26m in m in 2012 Area 5.3 ha 9 ha Reason for expansion Sale at low valuation by GLC Lease at low valuation Organisation 12 trustees 14 trustees + chair Main activities Housing (220 affordable) Commercial/retail Open space 80% community facilities 15% commercial 5% vacant

11 Coin Street Community Builders Assets of 26m in 2007; 5.3 hectare site bought in 1984; 220 homes built; Families & children s centre; Neighbourhood centre with nursery, meeting rooms, office space for charities; Public open space; Shops and offices; Work and arts spaces; Proposed swimming pool

12 Iroko Housing Co-operative built 59 homes to rent in 2001

13 Iroko is one of 4 housing co-ops in the Coin Street area

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15 Proposed Doon Street development on the South Bank, London

16 Sources of Finance Section 106 and asset transfer (land and buildings); Loans from banks; Sales and services provided; Big Lottery, Heritage Lottery Fund; EU funding (in certain areas); Various funds from central & local government; LAs can sell land/buildings below market value if worth less than 2m.

17 Community Development Trusts There are 466 development trusts across the UK Development trusts work in communities that make up a quarter of the UK population They have a combined income of 297m, of which 177m is earned income 643m of assets are in community ownership 5040 staff and 23,000 volunteers work with development trusts Development trusts provide support to almost 9,000 community groups and over 8,000 small businesses Development trusts engage in a wide range of community focussed activities and services.

18 Source: DTA. Development trusts in 2009

19 Assets owned by Locality members in England Source: Locality membership survey 2012 Total assets: 643m

20 Income to Locality members in England Source: Locality membership survey 2012 over 5m 1m- 5m 550k- 1m 100k- 500k 1k- 10k up to 1k 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Total income: 297m

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23 Assets of Community Value Under Localism Act 2011 groups can apply to local council to register an Asset of Community Value; When asset is for sale, group has 6 months to raise the market value before it can be sold on open market; Often applied to pubs but also redundant schools, libraries etc. Similar powers operating in Scotland

24 First Asset of Community Value in London? The Ivy House, Nunhead, bought by Ivy House Community Pub Ltd in March 2013 after declared an asset of community value by Southwark Council and residents raising 810,000

25 Conclusions Small scale, uneven distribution Affected by recession and increasing property values Operate at high risk end of market Driven by a commercial imperative to make a surplus Depend on volunteers for management and delivery Important community development role Depend on buying in expertise (valuation, architects etc) Asset transfer very slow owners want to maximise income Voluntaristic principle promoting co-production

26 The Co-Production Model Governance Service delivery Community engagement

27 Sources Hart, L. To have and to hold: The DTA guide to asset development for community and social enterprise. DTA, Bailey, N. The role, organisation and contribution of community enterprise to urban regeneration in the UK. Progress in Planning, 77(1),

28 Questions?