Post-Apartheid Cities in Transformation for Social Justice and Sustainability

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1 Post-Apartheid Cities in Transformation for Social Justice and Sustainability Simphiwe E Mini (PhD) College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Department of Geography University of South Africa(UNISA) South Africa 1

2 Post-Apartheid Cities in Transformation for Social Justice and Sustainability Structure of Presentation 1. Introduction: Approaches and Objectives 1. Desegregated and Integrated Cities 2. Economic growth and Sustainability 3. Social Justice and Equity 2. Institutional and Policy Transformative Instruments: 1. Legal Instruments, Policy and Strategic Frameworks 2. New Urban Planning and De-racialisation of SA Cities 3. Content and Direction of Transformation 3. Urban Land Market and Spatial Reorganisation 1. New Property Regimes and Pro-poor Policies 2. Urban Land Markets and Spatial Reorganisation 3. Land Market and Impact on transformation 4. Emerging Trends Patterns 5. Summary and Conclusion. 2

3 Post-Apartheid Cities in Transformation for Social Justice and Sustainability South African Urban History: Group Areas Act Racial Spatial Segregation Own Group Areas A special types urban planning Space central in controlling of race-relations New Democratic Government 1994 Reconstruction and Development Programme of land for housing must be suitably located geologically, environmentally and with respect to economic opportunities and social amenities. The democratic government must intervene to facilitate access to such land. Land speculation must be prevented and land monopolies broken up. Land planning must involve the communities affected. Land taxes and zoning should seek to promote urban development patterns consistent with RDP objectives (RDP 1994). The urban development strategy must also be aimed at fostering the long-term development and sustainability of urban areas while alleviating poverty and encouraging economic expansion. The urban programme must therefore create a functionally integrated, efficient and equitable urban economy, as well as effective and democratic structures of urban governance and management; enhance the position of women in the cities, and initiate a social environment which contributes to a better quality of life. 3

4 Post-Apartheid Cities in Transformation for Social Justice and Sustainability Legal and Institutional Transformative instruments as key drivers of transformation of cities. Urban Development Strategy 1995: provided a framework for: (a) Desegregating and integrating the city; (b) Improving housing and infrastructure, focusing low-income housing (c) Promoting urban economic development and growth (d) Creating democratic and strong institutions for service delivery. Urban Development Strategy revised in: Urban Development Framework Urban Development Facilitation Act 1995 Guide the process of transformation of urban land use for sustainable integrated city development. To provided a framework for land use applications and land tenure definition, local government planning; land development and conflict resolution. to facilitate access to urban land for low cost housing harmonise and provide a uniform system of urban land development in cities. 4

5 5 Property Developers and Gated Communities

6 6 Exclusive Gated Communities

7 7 A Strong-vibrant Urban-Land Market: Gated Communities

8 8 Large-scale Property Developers in Upper-end Residential Properties

9 9 Up-graded Informal Houses in peripheral areas of the Cities

10 10 Up-graded Informal Houses in Peripheral Areas of Post-apartheid Cities

11 11 Entrance into Gated Upper-end Residential Properties

12 Migration of Business and Commercial Centres From CBD following Gated Communities Structure of Presentation: Introduction: Restructuring of apartheid City: 1. Policies and Institutional Framework 1. National Higher Education Policies 2. Institutional Framework B: Urban Land Development 3. Identification of Strategic Research Issues 4. Five Year Research Plan C: New Gated Communities and 12

13 13 Controlled Access into Gated Communities

14 14 High Security Gates Control Access

15 15 Controlled Access to Upper-end Residential Properties

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36 36 Social Inequalities in Post-Apartheid City

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