The Stones of Venice John Ruskin ±1853 London. Image Source Unknown

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1 ID312 History of Art and Architecture II: focuses on the understanding and appreciation of architecture and visual arts from the 18th Century to the beginnings of the 21st Century + ID413 Design Culture and Trend: undertakes a written research project to develop research skills and from the research, propose a design project for the final term; to develop critical thinking abilities that will strengthen and improve awareness, understanding and ability in design Image Source Unknown The Stones of Venice John Ruskin ±1853 London

2 Arts and Crafts and Charles Rennie Mackintosh...Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood; influenced by Ruskin's theories, praised a devotion to nature and rejection of conventional methods of composition after Raphael and Classical order The Pre-Raphaelites Gothic Revival Medievalism Symbolism Image Source Unknown Proserpine Dante Gabriel Rossetti ±1874 London

3 Image Source Unknown Glasgow School of Art Charles Rennie Mackintosh ±1896 Glasgow

4 Arts and Crafts and Charles Rennie Mackintosh...John Ruskin, writer and critic, preached a moral approach to art and architecture; a part of the development of Gothic Revival and many ideas that began the Arts and Crafts movement...mackintosh s background within the main stream of Gothic Revival after Pugin and Ruskin would influence the strong sense of craft in his work...he argued that modern materials, iron and glass will never take the place of stone because of their want of mass Image Source Unknown Glasgow School of Art Charles Rennie Mackintosh ±1896 Glasgow

5 Image Source Unknown Glasgow School of Art Charles Rennie Mackintosh ±1896 Glasgow

6 Arts and Crafts and Charles Rennie Mackintosh...it was Ruskin s bitter denunciation of industrially produced objects that impacted the Arts and Crafts movement; machine made objects are tasteless and a return to the hand craft is the only route to reform Gothic Revival Arts and Crafts Symbolism Image Source Unknown Glasgow School of Art Charles Rennie Mackintosh ±1896 Glasgow

7 Image Source Unknown Untitled Cabinet Charles Rennie Mackintosh 1900 ce Glasgow

8 Arts and Crafts and Charles Rennie Mackintosh...Glasgow Four (Spook School): Margaret Macdonald Frances Macdonald Herbert MacNair Charles Rennie Mackintosh...because of the ghostly ghoulish images portraying 'hobgoblins by misty moonlight'; exhibits Celtic imagery, with motifs and style of lettering inspired by carvings on seventeenth century tombstones Celtic Revival (Symbolism) Arts and Crafts Movement Image Source Unknown The Seven Princesses Margaret Macdonald ±1896 Glasgow

9 Image Source Unknown Willow Tea Room Charles Rennie Mackintosh 1900 ce Glasgow

10 Image Source Unknown Willow Tea Room Charles Rennie Mackintosh 1900 ce Glasgow

11 Arts and Crafts and Charles Rennie Mackintosh...Tiffany Glass by Louis Comfort Tiffany and other designers, including Clara Driscoll designed glass to transmit texture and rich colors; developed "Favrile" and "opalescent glass"... was the first Design Director at his family company, Tiffany & Co. Craftsman Image Source Unknown Wisteria Table Lamp Tiffany Studios ±1905 New York City

12 Image Source Unknown Iridescent Favrile Glass Vase Tiffany Studios ±1905 New York City Image Source Unknown Untitled Floor Lamps Tiffany Studios ±1905 New York City

13 Image Source Unknown The Gamble House Greene and Greene ±1908 Pasadena

14 Image Source Unknown The Gamble House Greene and Greene ±1908 Pasadena

15 Arts and Crafts and Charles Rennie Mackintosh...American Arts and Crafts developed out of the British Arts and Crafts movement with similar aesthetic and moral principles but specific American and regional influences; many architectural features owe themselves to Frank Lloyd Wright s Prarie Style as well as Japanese craft, purity and simplicity Craftsman Image Source Unknown The Gamble House Greene and Greene ±1908 Pasadena

16 ID312 History of Art and Architecture II: focuses on the understanding and appreciation of architecture and visual arts from the 18th Century to the beginnings of the 21st Century + ID413 Design Culture and Trend: undertakes a written research project to develop research skills and from the research, propose a design project for the final term; to develop critical thinking abilities that will strengthen and improve awareness, understanding and ability in design Image Source Unknown The Gamble House Greene and Greene ±1908 Pasadena

17 1. Topic Development 2. Literature Review i. Summary of Texts ii. Analysis of Structure and Argumentation Strategy iii. Critique of the Argument 3. Research Questions After developing a topic and researching background information for a literature review, develop the structure of the research project with research questions.

18 From Topic to Research Questions Use the literature review to develop research questions, look for: i. a starting point to gather information on your topic. ii. a way to identify potential research questions: a. is their an area in literature review that needs something else? b. is there there something specific that interests you? iii. major works and key issues related to your topic iv. key authors in your area of research

19 From Topic to Research Questions Research Questions:. i. are big questions that address and seek to define the topic ii. include KEY TERMS that can help to research the topic iii. are questions you do not know the answer to... The idea is that you are using your research to gain new knowledge and expand your understanding of design

20 Research Questions Explore Questions i. ask open-ended how and why questions about your general topic. ii. consider the so what of your topic. Why does this topic matter to you? Why should it matter to others? iii. reflect on the questions you have considered. Identify 3-4 questions you find engaging and which could be explored through further research.

21 Research Questions Research Questions: Sample Are public / private partnerships an effective way to redevelop mixed-use greyfield projects? Research Questions: Problems Too Narrow: Does Sweden have a nationalized health care system? This question has Yes or No answer, or can be answered in one word Too Broad: What is the history of Christianity? This question cannot be covered in the scope of a 13 week research project. Too Tough: Why is hip hop dancing so nasty? This question is too opinionated and is based upon people s feeling rather than research.

22 Research Questions Research Questions: Task 1. Develop 3-4 research questions you find engaging that will answer a broad question on the topic 2. Develop three subquestions for each research question that will help you answer your research questions 3. Use your research questions and subquestions to structure your research project.

23 Research Questions Research Questions: Sample Are public / private partnerships an effective way to redevelop mixed-use greyfield projects? Research Questions: Sub-questions What are the external factors that are driving the decline of shopping malls? What kind of redevelopment programs for Greyfield sites are being used? Is there a link between the factors that cause the decline of shopping malls and the intended result redevelopment programs? What are the roles of different stakeholders in mixed-use redevelopment projects?

24 Research Questions Research Questions: Sample Topic: An exploration of the Buddhist philosophy driving Ki-Duk Kim s 2003 film, Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter.and Spring. 1. What is Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter.and Spring why is it a film worthy of enquiry? a. Introduction (what am I researching?) b. Thesis (this film illustrates Buddhist phi losophy) 2. What is the necessary background information? a. Brief biography of Kim s life (emphasis on artistic life). b. Brief rundown of Buddhist philosophy in Korea. 3. What plot (story) elements promote Buddhist philosophy? a. What do I identify? b. What substantive research supports my ideas? 4. What technical elements contribute to promotion of Buddhist philosophy? a. What do I identify? b. What substantive research supports my ideas? 5. Based on my research, what do I think about the way this film embodies/illustrates a Buddhist philosophy? Why? Search Terms: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter and Spring; Bom Yeoreum Gaeul Gyeoul Geurigo Bom: Buddhism; South Korea; South Korean Film; Korean Film;