Automatic Cryptanalysis of Block Ciphers with CP
|
|
- Marian Morgan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Automatic Cryptanalysis of Block Ciphers with CP A case study: related key differential cryptanalysis David Gerault LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This presentation is inspired by 4 papers written with Pascal Lafourcade, Marine Minier, Christine Solnon, Siwei Sun, Qianqian Yang, Yosuke Todo, Kexin Qiao, Lei Hu Summer school on Real Wolrd Crypto David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 1 / 21Siw
2 Block Ciphers K Hi Sibenik E X C Keyed permutation E : {0, 1} K {0, 1} P {0, 1} P. Generally simple function iterated n times. Expected Property Indistinguishable from a random permutation if K is unknown David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 2 / 21Siw
3 Attacking a block cipher Chosen plaintext f K X Oracle C f? = E or random permutation π? Distinguishing from π recovering K The attacker can encrypt messages of his choice and tries to recover the hidden key K. David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 3 / 21Siw
4 Related Key Model Chosen plaintext f K δk X Oracle C The attacker choses δk (but K remains hidden) Allowed by certain protocol/real life applications A block cipher should be secure in the related key model The best published attacks against AES are related key David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 4 / 21Siw
5 Related Key Attack X f K C δc? X = X δx f K δk C If f = π? If f = E? Distribution of δc for chosen δx, δk and random X and K... David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 5 / 21Siw
6 Related Key Attack X f K C δc? X = X δx f K δk C Distribution of δc for chosen δx, δk and random X and K... If f = π? Uniform If f = E? Not uniform! Distinguishing attack The attacker requires many encryptions with input difference δx, δk and observes whether there is a bias in the distribution of δc David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 5 / 21Siw
7 Differential characteristics The higher the bias Pr[(δX, δk) δc], the better the attack! δk δx δc SB SR MC ARK 0 δa δb δc δd δe δf Differential characteristics (i.e. propagation patterns (δx, δk) δc) with optimal probability are needed, but difficult to find! Fix δx, δk Apply known propagation rules to obtain the most likely δc avid Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 6 / 21Siw
8 We did it! With CP PROBLEM CONVERT TO CSP MODEL FEED TO A SOVER ONE SOLUTION SOLVER ALL SOLUTIONS OPTIMAL SOLUTION Holy Grail Constraint programming represents one of the closest approaches computer science has yet made to the holy grail of programming: the user states the problem, the computer solves it. (E. Freuder) David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 7 / 21Siw
9 David Gerault (LIMOS, University Feed Clermont itauvergne to the This Automatic presentation solver, Cryptanalysis inspired andofby Block let 4 papers Ciphers the written with magic with CP Pascal Summer happen... Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 8 / 21Siw CSP Variables Define variables on given domains [23..42] x bool y array [1..N,1..M] of floats δ... Constraints Define relations between these variables as constraints x + y < 5 sum(allvariables) = 10 Table: list of allowed tuples (a, b, c) {(2, 3, 4), (1, 7, 2)} Objective function (optional) Define an objective function to optimize Maximize(Sum(δ))
10 Why another automatic tool? Other automatic tools exist SAT Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)... Question: Why yet another one? David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 9 / 21Siw
11 Why another automatic tool? Other automatic tools exist SAT Boolean variables Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) Linear inequalities... Question: Why yet another one? Response: Generalization! CP No limitations on variables nor constraints Uses algorithms from the other methods There exist tools translating from CP to the others David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school on Marine Real Minier, Wolrd Crypto Christine Solnon, 9 / 21Siw
12 Related Work & Contributions: AES Problem Standard since 2000 Finding optimal RK differential characteristics on AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256 Previous work Biryukov et al., 2010 : Branch & Bound Several hours (AES-128), several weeks (AES-192) Fouque et al., 2013 : Graph traversal 30 minutes, 60 Gb memory, 12 cores (AES-128) David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 10 / 21Siw
13 Related Work & Contributions: AES Problem Standard since 2000 Finding optimal RK differential characteristics on AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256 Previous work Biryukov et al., 2010 : Branch & Bound Several hours (AES-128), several weeks (AES-192) Fouque et al., 2013 : Graph traversal 30 minutes, 60 Gb memory, 12 cores (AES-128) Our results 25 minutes (AES-128), 24 hours (AES-192), 30 minutes (AES-256) New (better) differential characteristics on all versions Disproved incorrect one found in previous work avid Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 10 / 21Siw
14 Related Work & Contributions: Midori Problem Lightweigh block cipher, 2015 Finding optimal RK differential characteristics on Midori-64 and Midori-128 Previous work Midori-64: Dong, 2016 : Custom algorithm 14 rounds (out of 16), operations Midori-128: Not done David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 11 / 21Siw
15 Related Work & Contributions: Midori Problem Lightweigh block cipher, 2015 Finding optimal RK differential characteristics on Midori-64 and Midori-128 Previous work Midori-64: Dong, 2016 : Custom algorithm 14 rounds (out of 16), operations Midori-128: Not done Our results (Indocrypt 2016) Few hours Full round for both versions Practical attacks: Midori-64: 2 35 Midori-128: 2 43 avid Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 11 / 21Siw
16 Other directions: FSE2017 Problem Searching for integral, zero-correlation linear, and impossible differential distinguisher on various block ciphers Results PRESENT, HIGHT, SKINNY Reproduced results from the litterature New distinguisher on SKINNY David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 12 / 21Siw
17 Conclusion and future challenges CP is readable and easy to use It is less error prone than custom code It performs better than other approaches It generalizes MILP and SAT Use CP! David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 13 / 21Siw
18 Thank you for your attention avid Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 14 / 21Siw
19 Other ways to improve a CP model Variable ordering: Starting with the most constrained one Value choice: If you want to minimize a sum, affecting variables to 0 first is a good idea BlackBox heuristics: domain over weighted degree, etc... Restarts: Reseed the BlackBox strategy after some time Other methods: The power of MiniZinc Parallell solving: Not trivial but can help David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 15 / 21Siw
20 2 steps solving Step 1: boolean abstraction Step 2: actual byte values = 0 δ = 0 = 1 δ 0 Find candidate solutions Check their consistency Step 1 Step1(n) gives an output O = ( X, K, C) and the corresponding difference propagation path, such that the number of Sboxes is minimal. Step 2 Step2(O) returns a probability and the difference values along the path if O is consistent, 0 otherwise. David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 16 / 21Siw
21 Modelling properly Straightforward modelling With a naive approach, more than 90 millions inconsistent step 1 solutions found for 4 rounds of AES-128 with 11 active SBoxes More elaborate modelling With a more suble approach, 0 inconsistent solution David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 17 / 21Siw
22 Example: XOR Constraint Byte values δ A δ B δ C = x = x (white = 0, colored 0) Boolean abstraction A B C = = Inferring equalities XORs introduce a lot of branching, but storing information about equality or difference during step 1 helps filtering a lot! David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 18 / 21Siw
23 Example: XOR Constraint Byte values δ A δ B δ C = x = x x y = z x x = (white = 0, colored 0) Boolean abstraction A B C = = =? =? Inferring equalities A B C ? XORs introduce a lot of branching, but storing information about equality or difference during step 1 helps filtering a lot! David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 18 / 21Siw
24 With which software Specific solver: Highly customizable Fine-grained tuning: table constraint heuristics, custom constraints etc... Choco (Java) Gecode (C++) Sunny-CP (portfolio) Chuffed (Uses SAT techniques) and many more... MiniZinc: More generic CP language, compiled to FlatZinc Read by many solvers, including SAT and MILP solvers MiniZinc competition David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 19 / 21Siw
25 More details Choco: General structure Solver: Solver s = new Solver("Example solver"); Variables: IntVar X= VF.bounded(0, 5, s); Constraints: s.post(icf.arithm(x,!=, 3); Heuristics: s.set(isf.domoverwdeg(allvars, someseed)); Solve: s.findsolution(); MiniZinc: General structure Variables: var 0..5: X; Constraints: constraint X=5; Heuristics and solve: solve:: int_search(allvars, dom_w_deg, indomain_min, complete) satisfy; David Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 20 / 21Siw
26 Case study: PRESENT(Bogdanov, 2007) Problem Search for optimal differential characteristics, i.e difference propagation patterns with the highst possible probability. avid Gerault (LIMOS, University Clermont Auvergne This Automatic presentation Cryptanalysis inspired ofby Block 4 papers Ciphers written with with CP Pascal Summer Lafourcade, school onmarine Real Wolrd Minier, Crypto Christine Solnon, 21 / 21Siw
Network Analysis: Minimum Spanning Tree, The Shortest Path Problem, Maximal Flow Problem. Métodos Cuantitativos M. en C. Eduardo Bustos Farías 1
Network Analysis: Minimum Spanning Tree, The Shortest Path Problem, Maximal Flow Problem Métodos Cuantitativos M. en C. Eduardo Bustos Farías 1 Definitions A network consists of a set of nodes and a set
More informationThe Proposal of Cadastral Value Determination Based on Artificial Intelligence
The Proposal of Cadastral Value Determination Based on Artificial Intelligence Jarosław BYDŁOSZ, Piotr CICHOCIŃSKI, Piotr PARZYCH, Poland Key words: neural network, artificial intelligence, cadastral value,
More informationA. K. Alexandridis University of Kent. D. Karlis Athens University of Economics and Business. D. Papastamos Eurobank Property Services S.A.
Real Estate Valuation And Forecasting In Nonhomogeneous Markets: A Case Study In Greece During The Financial Crisis A. K. Alexandridis University of Kent D. Karlis Athens University of Economics and Business.
More informationCube Land integration between land use and transportation
Cube Land integration between land use and transportation T. Vorraa Director of International Operations, Citilabs Ltd., London, United Kingdom Abstract Cube Land is a member of the Cube transportation
More informationA Complete, Free Solution for Cadastral Map Management
A Complete, Free Solution for Cadastral Map Management Gyula IVÁN Institute of Geodesy, Cartography & Remote Sensing (FÖMI) HUNGARY FIG Commission 7, Annual Meeting 11-15 September 2008., Verona, ITALY
More informationRoboCup Challenges. Robotics. Simulation League Small League Medium-sized League (less interest) SONY Legged League Humanoid League
Robotics (c) 2003 Thomas G. Dietterich 1 RoboCup Challenges Simulation League Small League Medium-sized League (less interest) SONY Legged League Humanoid League (c) 2003 Thomas G. Dietterich 2 Small League
More informationIntangibles CHAPTER CHAPTER OBJECTIVES. After careful study of this chapter, you will be able to:
CHAPTER Intangibles CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After careful study of this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Explain the accounting alternatives for intangibles. 2. Record the amortization or impairment of intangibles.
More informationNetwork Analysis: Minimum Spanning Tree,
Network Analysis: Minimum Spanning Tree, M. en C. Eduardo Bustos Farías 1 Definitions A network consists of a set of nodes and a set of arcs connecting the nodes Nodes are also called vertices or points
More informationMETROPOLITAN COUNCIL S FORECASTS METHODOLOGY
METROPOLITAN COUNCIL S FORECASTS METHODOLOGY FEBRUARY 28, 2014 Metropolitan Council s Forecasts Methodology Long-range forecasts at Metropolitan Council are updated at least once per decade. Population,
More informationSoftware Architecture Context
Software Architecture Context J. Scott Hawker/R.Kuehl p. 1 Some material Pearson Education Topics Contexts of software architecture The architecture influence cycle What is the role of a software architect?
More informationTHE RATIONAL BUYER APPROACH FOR THE ACQUISITION OF CAPACITY-BASED ANCILLARY SERVICES OUTLINE
THE RATIONAL BUYER APPROACH FOR THE ACQUISITION OF CAPACITY-BASED ANCILLARY SERVICES Gianfranco Chicco George Gross Politecnico and University of Illinois di Torino Urbana-Champaign presentation at the
More informationMAAO Sales Ratio Committee 2013 Fall Conference Seminar
MAAO Sales Ratio Committee 2013 Fall Conference Seminar Presented By: Al Whitcomb Dakota County (Retired) John Keefe Chisago County Assessor Brent Reid City of Coon Rapids Michael Thompson Scott County
More information86M 4.2% Executive Summary. Valuation Whitepaper. The purposes of this paper are threefold: At a Glance. Median absolute prediction error (MdAPE)
Executive Summary HouseCanary is developing the most accurate, most comprehensive valuations for residential real estate. Accurate valuations are the result of combining the best data with the best models.
More informationCook County Assessor s Office: 2019 North Triad Assessment. Norwood Park Residential Assessment Narrative March 11, 2019
Cook County Assessor s Office: 2019 North Triad Assessment Norwood Park Residential Assessment Narrative March 11, 2019 1 Norwood Park Residential Properties Executive Summary This is the current CCAO
More informationMulti-Paths of Colleges Performance Appraisal and Comparison Hui PENG 1,a, Lian-Sen WANG 2,3,4,b,*
2016 2 nd International Conference on Modern Education and Social Science (MESS 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-346-5 Multi-Paths of Colleges Performance Appraisal and Comparison Hui PENG 1,a, Lian-Sen WANG 2,3,4,b,*
More informationThe Analytic Hierarchy Process. M. En C. Eduardo Bustos Farías
The Analytic Hierarchy Process M. En C. Eduardo Bustos Farías Outline of Lecture Summary MADM ranking methods Examples Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Examples pairwise comparisons normalization consistency
More informationWhat s Next for Commercial Real Estate Leveraging Technology and Local Analytics to Grow Your Commercial Real Estate Business
What s Next for Commercial Real Estate Leveraging Technology and Local Analytics to Grow Your Commercial Real Estate Business - A PUBLICATION OF GROWTH MAPS- TABLE OF CONTENTS Intro 1 2 What Does Local
More informationCollateral Underwriter, Regression Models, Statistics, Gambling with your License
Collateral Underwriter, Regression Models, Statistics, Gambling with your License Keith Wolf, SRA, AI-RRS Kwolf Consulting Inc. Kwolf1021@gmail.com 05/20/2015 There are Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics
More informationThe IRAM Web app. Description of the internet application of the Integrated Risk Assessment Method (IRAM)
The IRAM Web app Description of the internet application of the Integrated Risk Assessment Method (IRAM) https://www.fms.nrw.de/lip/authenticate.do The internet application of the Integrated-Risk-Assessment-Method
More informationWashington Department of Revenue Property Tax Division. Valid Sales Study Kitsap County 2015 Sales for 2016 Ratio Year.
P. O. Box 47471 Olympia, WA 98504-7471. Washington Department of Revenue Property Tax Division Valid Sales Study Kitsap County 2015 Sales for 2016 Ratio Year Sales from May 1, 2014 through April 30, 2015
More informationTHE VALUATION ANALYST
USER MANUAL Companion Spreadsheet for the book: THE VALUATION ANALYST Research in Extracting Adjustment Rates by David A. Braun, MAI, SRA, AI-GRS. The Compass Spreadsheet copyright 2016 by Automated Valuation
More informationProf. Derek Abbott, Yaxin Hu
THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 5000 Cracking the Voynich manuscript code Prof. Derek Abbott, Yaxin Hu ELEC ENG MASTER PROJECT NO. 141
More informationCourse Residential Modeling Concepts
Course 311 - Residential Modeling Concepts Course Description Course 311 presents a detailed study of the mass appraisal process as applied to residential property. Topics covered include a comparison
More information3rd Meeting of the Housing Task Force
3rd Meeting of the Housing Task Force September 26, 2018 World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC MC 10-100 Linking Housing Comparisons Across Countries and Regions 1 Linking Housing Comparisons Across
More informationRegression + For Real Estate Professionals with Market Conditions Module
USER MANUAL 1 Automated Valuation Technologies, Inc. Regression + For Real Estate Professionals with Market Conditions Module This Regression + software program and this user s manual have been created
More informationRegression Estimates of Different Land Type Prices and Time Adjustments
Regression Estimates of Different Land Type Prices and Time Adjustments By Bill Wilson, Bryan Schurle, Mykel Taylor, Allen Featherstone, and Gregg Ibendahl ABSTRACT Appraisers use puritan sales to estimate
More informationBC OnLine. Rural Property Tax Search User s Guide. Last Updated November 25, 2016
BC OnLine Rural Property Tax Search User s Guide Last Updated November 25, 2016 Copyright Copyright 2016 Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved. This user s guide is for users of the BC OnLine
More informationDefinitions ad valorem tax Adaptive Estimation Procedure (AEP) - additive model - adjustments - algorithm - amenities appraisal appraisal schedules
Definitions ad valorem tax - in reference to property, a tax based upon the value of the property. Adaptive Estimation Procedure (AEP) - A computerized, iterative, self-referential procedure using properties
More informationEXPLANATION OF MARKET MODELING IN THE CURRENT KANSAS CAMA SYSTEM
EXPLANATION OF MARKET MODELING IN THE CURRENT KANSAS CAMA SYSTEM I have been asked on numerous occasions to provide a lay man s explanation of the market modeling system of CAMA. I do not claim to be an
More informationGoods and Services Tax and Mortgage Costs of Australian Credit Unions
Goods and Services Tax and Mortgage Costs of Australian Credit Unions Author Liu, Benjamin, Huang, Allen Published 2012 Journal Title The Empirical Economics Letters Copyright Statement 2012 Rajshahi University.
More informationMETROPOLITAN COUNCIL S FORECASTS METHODOLOGY JUNE 14, 2017
METROPOLITAN COUNCIL S FORECASTS METHODOLOGY JUNE 14, 2017 Metropolitan Council s Forecasts Methodology Long-range forecasts at Metropolitan Council are updated at least once per decade. Population, households
More informationScores for Valuation Reports: Appraisal Score & BPO Score. White Paper. White Paper APRIL 2012
Scores for Valuation Reports: Appraisal Score & BPO Score White Paper APRIL 2012 White Paper Table of Contents Overview... 3 Generally Accepted Appraisal Rules... 3 Development of Rules... 3 Coding of
More informationSorting based on amenities and income
Sorting based on amenities and income Mark van Duijn Jan Rouwendal m.van.duijn@vu.nl Department of Spatial Economics (Work in progress) Seminar Utrecht School of Economics 25 September 2013 Projects o
More informationHomeowner s Exemption (HOE)
Homeowner s Exemption (HOE) Table of Contents CHEAT SHEETS... 3 Add HOE to a Parcel...3 Edit HOE Record...3 Remove HOE from a Parcel...3 Find the HOE Amount...3 Who is getting the exemption?...4 New Application
More informationTest and Implementation of DATR System in Hungary
Test and Implementation of DATR System in Hungary, Hungary Key words: unified land registry, cadastral map, Hungary SUMMARY During the last years there has been an important development in the Hungarian
More informationOverview of OR Modeling Approach & Introduction to Linear Programming. Métodos Cuantitativos M. En C. Eduardo Bustos Farías 1
Overview of OR Modeling Approach & Introduction to Linear Programming Métodos Cuantitativos M. En C. Eduardo Bustos Farías 1 What is Operations Research? A field of study that uses computers, statistics,
More informationIntroduction to Software Architecture (1)
Introduction to Software Architecture (1) Wendy Liu 2003 (Acknowledgement: part of the content is contributed by Peter Kanareitsev) Architect s roles not just technology Creating the right technical vision
More informationCadastral Information System of Sofia
Alexander LAZAROV and Hristo DECHEV, Bulgaria Key words: ABSTRACT A new Cadastre and Property Register Act (CPRA) was passed in April 2000, setting up rules for the maintenance of these two registers.
More informationChart-Based Decoding
Chart-Based Decoding Kenneth Heafield University of Edinburgh 6 September, 2012 Most slides courtesy of Philipp Koehn Overview of Syntactic Decoding Input Sentence SCFG Parsing Decoding Search Output Sentence
More information250 CMR: BOARD OF REGISTRATION OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY
250 CMR 6.00: LAND SURVEYING PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS Section 6.01: Elements Common to All Survey Works 6.02: Survey Works of Lines Affecting Property Rights All land surveying work is considered work
More informationHOUSING TECHNICIAN I HOUSING TECHNICIAN II
CITY OF ROSEVILLE HOUSING TECHNICIAN I HOUSING TECHNICIAN II DEFINITION To perform responsible administrative and technical support duties related to affordable housing program eligibility, certification,
More informationProbabilistic Escrow of Financial Transactions with Cumulative Threshold Disclosure
Probabilistic Escrow of Financial Transactions with Cumulative Threshold Disclosure Stanis law Jarecki 1 and Vitaly Shmatikov 2 1 University of California, Irvine 2 University of Texas at Austin Abstract.
More informationOptimal Apartment Cleaning by Harried College Students: A Game-Theoretic Analysis
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Optimal Apartment Cleaning by Harried College Students: A Game-Theoretic Analysis Amitrajeet Batabyal Department of Economics, Rochester Institute of Technology 12 June
More informationA Note on the Efficiency of Indirect Taxes in an Asymmetric Cournot Oligopoly
Submitted on 16/Sept./2010 Article ID: 1923-7529-2011-01-53-07 Judy Hsu and Henry Wang A Note on the Efficiency of Indirect Taxes in an Asymmetric Cournot Oligopoly Judy Hsu Department of International
More informationHousing market and finance
Housing market and finance Q: What is a market? A: Let s play a game Motivation THE APPLE MARKET The class is divided at random into two groups: buyers and sellers Rules: Buyers: Each buyer receives a
More informationA Critical Study on Loans and Advances of Selected Public Sector Banks for Real Estate Development in India
A Critical Study on Loans and Advances of Selected Public Sector Banks for Real Estate Development in India Tanu Aggarwal Research Scholar, Amity University Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh Dr. Priya Soloman
More informationIREDELL COUNTY 2015 APPRAISAL MANUAL
STATISTICS AND THE APPRAISAL PROCESS INTRODUCTION Statistics offer a way for the appraiser to qualify many of the heretofore qualitative decisions which he has been forced to use in assigning values. In
More informationGSE FOCUS. Visit WorkflowGeeks.com for more free titles. Sponsored by Mercury Network
GSE FOCUS Visit WorkflowGeeks.com for more free titles. Sponsored by Mercury Network The SaaS Vendor Management Platform chosen by over 600 of the nation s lenders and AMCs to power more than 20,000 appraisals
More informationEvaluation study on level of trust in Water Conservancy Projects Lei Guo1,2,a, Han Han 1,2,b
5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation (ICCET 2015) Evaluation study on level of trust in Water Conservancy Projects Lei Guo1,2,a, Han Han 1,2,b 1 School of Water Conservancy,
More informationCounty Survey. results of the public officials survey in the narrative. Henry County Comprehensive Plan,
Introduction During the planning process, a variety of survey tools where used to ensure the Henry County Comprehensive Plan was drafted in the best interests of county residents and businesses. The surveys
More information86 years in the making Caspar G Haas 1922 Sales Prices as a Basis for Estimating Farmland Value
2 Our Journey Begins 86 years in the making Caspar G Haas 1922 Sales Prices as a Basis for Estimating Farmland Value Starting at the beginning. Mass Appraisal and Single Property Appraisal Appraisal
More informationAVM Validation. Evaluating AVM performance
AVM Validation Evaluating AVM performance The responsible use of Automated Valuation Models in any application begins with a thorough understanding of the models performance in absolute and relative terms.
More information1. There must be a useful number of qualified transactions to infer from. 2. The circumstances surrounded each transaction should be known.
Direct Comparison Approach The Direct Comparison Approach is based on the premise of the "Principle of Substitution" which implies that a rational investor or purchaser will pay no more for a particular
More informationThe TAUREAN Residential Valuation System An Overview
The TAUREAN Residential Valuation System An Overview By Michael L. Robbins, Ph.D., CRE Taurean Residential Valuation Services, LLC 150 N. Sunny Slope Road, Suite 225, Brookfield, WI 53005 Phone: (262)
More informationReal Estate Reference Material
Valuation Land valuation Land is the basic essential of property development and unlike building commodities - such as concrete, steel and labour - it is in relatively limited supply. Quality varies between
More informationGraphical Representation of Defeasible Logic Rules Using Digraphs
Graphical Representation of Defeasible Logic Rules Using Digraphs Efstratios Kontopoulos and Nick Bassiliades Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
More informationThe list below shows the errors that can occur during submission, as well as some details about each one.
Identifying s Version: 1.5 Publish Date: 09/09/2013 When an appraisal is submitted to UCDP, the XML data will immediately be checked for errors. Some of these errors can cause the submission to fail, while
More informationOverview of OR Modeling Approach & Introduction to Linear Programming
Overview of OR Modeling Approach & Introduction to Linear Programming M. En C. Eduardo Bustos Farías 1 What is Operations Research? A field of study that uses computers, statistics, and mathematics to
More informationAddressing the New Challenges of Silicon Test. Joe Sawicki Vice President and General Manager Design-to-Silicon Division
Addressing the New Challenges of Silicon Test Joe Sawicki Vice President and General Manager Design-to-Silicon Division Why We re Here Describe new silicon test challenges facing the industry Explain how
More informationThe Local Impact of Home Building in Douglas County, Nevada. Income, Jobs, and Taxes generated. Prepared by the Housing Policy Department
The Local Impact of Home Building in Douglas County, Nevada Income, Jobs, and Taxes generated = Prepared by the Housing Policy Department May 2007 National Association of Home Builders 1201 15th Street,
More informationOregon State University Extension Service
-----, E55 6 0-713 Cop. Oregon State University Extension Service Computer Software LEASE-BUY? DESCRIPTION: LEASE-BUY? is a spreadsheet template designed to show the least-cost option when deciding whether
More informationRationale for Software Architecture Design. Definitions for Software Architecture. Rationale for Software Architecture. Common Misconceptions
Rationale for Software Architecture Design Bedir Tekinerdoğan Billkent University, Department of Computer Engineering e:mail - bedir@cs,bilkent..edu.tr http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~bedir/ Contents Definitions
More informationSOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES:
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES: AN INTRODUCTION Prof. Dr. Elisa Yumi Nakagawa elisa@icmc.usp.br 1 st Semester, 2016 1 CONTENTS Introduction Brief History Definitions Quality and Software Architecture General Architecting
More informationFigure 1. The chart showing how the effort and cost of the design changes are affected as the project progresses (Anon.) Simulation tools are a key co
Survey for the Development of an Early Design Tool for Architects H.Rallapalli 1*, V.Garg 1, and R.Rawal 3 1 Centre for IT in Building Science, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad,
More informationHOW TO CREATE AN APPRAISAL
Page 1 7/19/2005 IMAGEsoft s Appraise Link Instruction Manual HOW TO CREATE AN APPRAISAL Start at the MAIN MENU. Click on APPRAISALS. The WORK WITH APPRAISALS screen appears. This screen stores your appraisals,
More informationDigitalisation of the Real Property Rights Towards Spatially enabled E-Government
Digitalisation of the Real Property Rights Towards Spatially enabled E-Government Lise Schroeder, Bent Hulegaard Jensen, Esben Munk Soerensen & Line Hvingel Istanbul, Turkey 25 june 201 Overview Introduction
More informationHedonic Pricing Model Open Space and Residential Property Values
Hedonic Pricing Model Open Space and Residential Property Values Open Space vs. Urban Sprawl Zhe Zhao As the American urban population decentralizes, economic growth has resulted in loss of open space.
More informationAd-valorem and Royalty Licensing under Decreasing Returns to Scale
Ad-valorem and Royalty Licensing under Decreasing Returns to Scale Athanasia Karakitsiou 2, Athanasia Mavrommati 1,3 2 Department of Business Administration, Educational Techological Institute of Serres,
More informationMr Hans Hoogervorst Chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board 30 Cannon Street London EC4M 6XH United Kingdom
FO U N D A TI O N «NATI O N A L N O N -G O V E R NM E N T S TA N D A R D -S E TTER «ACCOUNTI NG M E TH O D O LOG I C A L C E N TRE» Moscow, 12 October 2017 4OБ-IASB/2017 Mr Hans Hoogervorst Chairman of
More informationOligopoly Theory (6) Endogenous Timing in Oligopoly
Oligopoly Theory (6) Endogenous Timing in Oligopoly The aim of the lecture (1) To understand the basic idea of endogenous (2) To understand the relationship between the first mover and the second mover
More informationconcepts and techniques
concepts and techniques S a m p l e Timed Outline Topic Area DAY 1 Reference(s) Learning Objective The student will learn Teaching Method Time Segment (Minutes) Chapter 1: Introduction to Sales Comparison
More informationDATA APPENDIX. 1. Census Variables
DATA APPENDIX 1. Census Variables House Prices. This section explains the construction of the house price variable used in our analysis, based on the self-report from the restricted-access version of the
More informationEdward Mitchell AIA; Yale University and Edward Mitchell Architects, New Haven CT
Temporal Urbanisms Edward Mitchell AIA; Yale University and Edward Mitchell Architects, New Haven CT REPORT RESEARCH We studied the former manufacturing districts on the Brooklyn waterfront in Williamsburg
More informationOwnership Data in Cadastral Information System of Sofia (CIS Sofia) from the Available Cadastral Map
Ownership Data in Cadastral Information System of Sofia (CIS Sofia) from the Available Cadastral Map Key words: ABSTRACT Lydmila LAZAROVA, Bulgaria CIS Sofia is created and maintained by GIS Sofia ltd,
More informationMaximization of Non-Residential Property Tax Revenue by a Local Government
Maximization of Non-Residential Property Tax Revenue by a Local Government John F. McDonald Center for Urban Real Estate College of Business Administration University of Illinois at Chicago Great Cities
More informationSOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE. Semester II (Computer Engineering) SUB CODE: MECE202. Evaluation Scheme L T P Total Credit Theory Mid Sem Exam
TEACHING SCHEME (Credits and Hours): Teaching scheme SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE Semester II (Computer Engineering) SUB CODE: MECE202 Total Evaluation Scheme L T P Total Credit Theory Mid Sem Exam CIA Pract.
More informationProfile Definition for a. Standardized Cadastral Model
Profile Definition for a www.caris.com Standardized Cadastral Model Hugh Aste, Rick Nyarady & Greg Mulholland Outline Our interest in the Core Cadastre Domain Model Identification of a practical need for
More informationIs terrorism eroding agglomeration economies in Central Business Districts?
Is terrorism eroding agglomeration economies in Central Business Districts? Lessons from the office real estate market in downtown Chicago Alberto Abadie and Sofia Dermisi Journal of Urban Economics, 2008
More informationHousing Transfer Taxes and Household Mobility: Distortion on the Housing or Labour Market? Christian Hilber and Teemu Lyytikäinen
Housing Transfer Taxes and Household Mobility: Distortion on the Housing or Labour Market? Christian Hilber and Teemu Lyytikäinen Housing: Microdata, macro problems A cemmap workshop, London, May 23, 2013
More informationLand Assembly with Taxes, Not Takings. Mark DeSantis Chapman University One University Dr. Orange, CA
Land Assembly with Taxes, Not Takings Mark DeSantis Chapman University One University Dr. Orange, CA 92866 desantis@chapman.edu (714) 997-6957 Matthew W. McCarter University of Texas San Antonio One UTSA
More informationThe Impact of Internal Displacement Inflows in Colombian Host Communities: Housing
The Impact of Internal Displacement Inflows in Colombian Host Communities: Housing Emilio Depetris-Chauvin * Rafael J. Santos World Bank, June 2017 * Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Universidad
More informationThe Impact of Using. Market-Value to Replacement-Cost. Ratios on Housing Insurance in Toledo Neighborhoods
The Impact of Using Market-Value to Replacement-Cost Ratios on Housing Insurance in Toledo Neighborhoods February 12, 1999 Urban Affairs Center The University of Toledo Toledo, OH 43606-3390 Prepared by
More information141: Cracking the Voynich manuscript code (The first draft) Ruihang Feng
THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, 5000 141: Cracking the Voynich manuscript code (The first draft) Ruihang Feng ELEC ENG 7076 A/B MASTERS
More informationIllinois Farmland Sales Database
Illinois Farmland Sales Database With this program, the user can analyze actual Illinois farmland sales data from 1979 through 1999 along with associated price forecasts for 2000. Fast Tools & Resources
More informationIBM TRIRIGA Version 10 Release 5.2. Real Estate Transaction Management User Guide IBM
IBM TRIRIGA Version 10 Release 5.2 Real Estate Transaction Management User Guide IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in Notices on page 11. This edition
More informationCity of Puyallup. Parks Impact Fee Study
City of Puyallup Parks Impact Fee Study August 23, 2005 Prepared by Financial Consulting Solutions Group, Inc. 8201 164 th Avenue NE, Suite 300 Redmond, WA 98052 tel: (425) 867-1802 fax: (425) 867-1937
More informationGeneral Information Page
General Information Page Key Realty School 3650 E. Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas, NV 89121 800 472 3893 Website: www.keyrealtyschool.com Email: Email@KeyRealtySchool.com CalBRE Sponsor ID#: S0357 Important Instructions
More informationReal Estate Transaction Method And System
( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent Application 20060282378 Kind Code A1 Gotfried; Bradley L. December 14, 2006 Real Estate Transaction Method And System Abstract A method and system for brokering real estate
More informationDeveloped with Xactware Data and Technology. April Best Practices
Developed with Xactware Data and Technology April 2015 Contents Introduction... 2 Training... 2 Real Time Training... 2 Market Value vs. Replacement Cost Value... 2 Accurate Property Information... 3 Required
More informationEQUIPMENT LEASING SOLUTIONS FOR PROCUREMENT
EQUIPMENT LEASING SOLUTIONS FOR PROCUREMENT DEFINE YOUR STRATEGY Computers Trucks Automobiles Network & Data Center Research & Lab Equipment Forklifts Machinery Who is Managing Your Leasing Spend? Most
More informationUsing the REACSolutions REAC Scoring Calculator. By Michael Gantt, President, REACSolutions. Introduction
Using the REACSolutions REAC Scoring Calculator By Michael Gantt, President, REACSolutions Introduction For many years, people in the housing industry have been requesting a (simple to read and understand)
More informationBenchmarking Cadastral Systems Results of the Working Group 7.1
Benchmarking Cadastral Systems Results of the Working Group 7.1 Jürg KAUFMANN, Switzerland Key words: ABSTRACT In 1998, FIG-Commission 7 launched three new working groups for the period 1998-2002. Working
More informationHousing Price Prediction Using Search Engine Query Data. Qian Dong Research Institute of Statistical Sciences of NBS Oct. 29, 2014
Housing Price Prediction Using Search Engine Query Data Qian Dong Research Institute of Statistical Sciences of NBS Oct. 29, 2014 Outline Background Analysis of Theoretical Framework Data Description The
More informationEconomic Impact of Commercial Multi-Unit Residential Property Transactions in Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver,
Economic Impact of Commercial Multi-Unit Residential Property Transactions in Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver, 2006-2008 SEPTEMBER 2009 Economic Impact of Commercial Multi-Unit Residential Property Transactions
More informationClick to edit Master title style REVENUE RECOGNITION Understanding the New Revenue Recognition Standard ASC 606
Click to edit Master title style REVENUE RECOGNITION Understanding the New Revenue Recognition Standard ASC 606 9/7/2017 0 Agenda Overview of ASC 606 Review of the five-step process Accounting for contract
More informationCourse Commerical/Industrial Modeling Concepts Learning Objectives
Course 312 - Commerical/Industrial Modeling Concepts Learning Objectives Course Description Course 312 presents a detailed study of the mass appraisal process as applied to income-producing property. Topics
More informationCHOICE BASED LETTING (CBL) HOW TO USE THE CBL SYSTEM
CHOICE BASED LETTING (CBL) HOW TO USE THE CBL SYSTEM A new system to help people on Cork County Council s Social Housing Support waiting list express interest in Council Accommodation Phoneline: (021)
More informationThe Improved Net Rate Analysis
The Improved Net Rate Analysis A discussion paper presented at Massey School Seminar of Economics and Finance, 30 October 2013. Song Shi School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Palmerston North,
More informationNonlocal methods for image processing
1/29 Nonlocal methods for image processing Lecture note, Xiaoqun Zhang Oct 30, 2009 2/29 Outline 1 Local smoothing Filters 2 Nonlocal means filter 3 Nonlocal operators 4 Applications 5 References 3/29
More informationCAN T STAND WAITING? BOTHERED BY LONG LINES? THEN ELECTRONIC RECORDING IS FOR YOU... AND IT MAY BE COMING SOON TO A RECORDER NEAR YOU!
CAN T STAND WAITING? BOTHERED BY LONG LINES? THEN ELECTRONIC RECORDING IS FOR YOU... AND IT MAY BE COMING SOON TO A RECORDER NEAR YOU! By Arthur R. Gaudio History and Issues The recording of electronic
More information