20 Century Architecture

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "20 Century Architecture"

Felix Knight
5 years ago
Views:

1 20 Century Architecture th and Design into the 21st Century Modern to Post-Modern

2 Modernism After 1900 artistic innovation in Europe and the US increased in a rapid succession of movements, or isms. The modern movement lasted through the first half of the 20th Century. Modernism rejects old, traditional ideas and styles in art and design Although Modernist styles are diverse, art moved toward abstraction based on line, color, shape, space, and texture Modern architecture and design moved toward abstraction and rejected historical styles and ornamentation Modern architecture reveals rather than conceals the inner structure of the building

3 Art Nouveau Art Nouveau began in France (Late 19th Century Early 20th Century) Art Nouveau incorporates Organic and Natural Forms into the decoration Architecture +Interior Design, Fashion, Graphic Arts, Decorative Arts

4 Louis Sullivan American Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott Building (Chicago),

5 Louis Sullivan American Art Nouveau (organic / natural motifs and decoration Used Cast iron decoration on first and second floors Large display windows Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott Building (Chicago),

6 Antonio Gaudi Spanish Antonio Gaudi, Casa Mila (Barcelona, Spain), 1907

7 Antonio Gaudi Spanish Apartment building incorporating organic form (Art Nouveau) Design inspired by the discovery of the Altamira Caves (Prehistoric Caves in Spain) Gaudi was trained as an ironworker before he became an architect Gaudi created buildings as living things Antonio Gaudi, Casa Mila (Barcelona, Spain), 1907

8 De Stijl (The Style) Began in 1917 by a group of artists in Holland balance between individual and universal values Integration of Art and Life Geometric Forms / Purity and Simplicity

9 Gerrit Rietveld Garrit Rietveld, Schroder House (Utrecht, Holland) 1924

with black, white, grey simple, open spaces furniture designed

10 Gerrit Rietveld Rietveld was a furniture maker and architect Schroder House combines geometric forms and primary colors with black, white, grey simple, open spaces furniture designed by Rietveld Garrit Rietveld, Schroder House (Utrecht, Holland) 1924

Movement in 1920 s and 1930 s associated with the Jazz Age Began in France, but spread to other parts of Europe, USA, and around the world People still wanted decoration despite the de Stijl and

11 Movement in 1920 s and 1930 s associated with the Jazz Age Began in France, but spread to other parts of Europe, USA, and around the world People still wanted decoration despite the de Stijl and other modern movements eliminating all unnecessary decoration Industrial Design Combined with Fine Art Elements (industrial materials (metal) and objects + patterns and repeated shapes) Industrial Design cars, household appliances, fashion, decorative objects, architecture Inspiration from Ancient Cultures, including Egypt Art Deco

12 The Chrysler Building New York William van Alen (American), The Chrysler Building (New York),

13 The Chrysler Building New York Exterior made of stainless steel Art Deco motifs repeated shapes (triangles, etc.) William van Alen (American), The Chrysler Building (New York), Built for Car Manufactuer, Chrysler Automotive Company Monument to the Roaring 1920 s

14 Prairie Style American Midwest Architect Frank Lloyd Wright invented the Prairie Style in early 20 th Century Related to The Arts and Crafts Movement, using craft, including stained glass windows, ceramics, and wood carpentry Wright preferred the countryside to the city Natural Materials / Natural Environment Inspired by Japanese Architecture (long, low buildings with open interior spaces). Wright designed a hotel in Tokyo (now demolished)

15 Frank Lloyd Wright American Frank Lloyd Wright, Falling water (Pennsylvania, USA)

16 Frank Lloyd Wright American harmony with nature Built over a waterfall Natural materials Frank Lloyd Wright, Falling water (Pennsylvania, USA) Japanese influence

17 Frank Lloyd Wright designed everything for the interiors of his buildings (furniture, lamps, stained glass windows, etc.) Frank Lloyd Wright

18 The Bauhaus The Bauhaus was an important art and design school in Germany opened in the 1920 s The Bauhaus focused on understanding Pure Form (color, shape, line, composition, space, etc,) Many important artists and designers taught and studied there The Bauhaus trained artists, designers, and architects to accept and anticipate the needs of the 20 th Century The Bauhaus greatly influenced modern design streamlined the look of architecture and design, including typography The Bauhaus was closed by the Nazis in 1933

19 The Bauhaus Bauhaus designers invented new simplified forms of typography (sans serif) The Bauhaus designers created streamlined design with simple, clean lines

20 Walter Gropius German Walter Gropius, the Bauhaus (Dessau, Germany),

21 Walter Gropius German Main Building of Bauhaus Art and Design School In 1919, Gropius, German architect, was appointed director of The Bauhaus Gropius focused on Formal Elements (shape, color, line, etc.) Gropius promoted the unity of art, architecture, and design Walter Gropius, the Bauhaus (Dessau, Germany),

22 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe German Mies van der Rohe, German Pavilion in International Exposition (Barcelona, Spain), 1929

23 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe German Director of Bauhaus from Mies van der Rohe said Less is More Simple, Open Space and Quality Materials Domino system - combine rectangles to form architecture Mies van der Rohe, German Pavilion in International Exposition (Barcelona, Spain), 1929

24 Barcelona Chair Mies van der Rohe Designed for King and Queen of Spain to sit on in German Pavilion Later, the design was massproduced and became a status symbol in homes and offices Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona Chair, 1929

25 Mid-Century Modern Late 1940 s, 1950 s, into the Early 1960 s Organic Forms vs. Geometric Forms Fusion of Architecture and Sculpture Simplicity New Industrial Materials

26 Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright

27 Frank Lloyd Wright Art Museum built for Guggenheim family (major American art patrons) Concrete Building Shape inspired by the spiral shaped shell of a snail Building slopes down from top to bottom (using gravity) Central atrium with natural light Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum (New York),

28 Le Corbusier French Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut (Ronchamp, France),

29 Le Corbusier French Small church chapel which replaced a building destroyed in WWII Shape represents praying hands or wings of a dove (symbol of peace) Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut (Ronchamp, France), Reference to Medieval Architecture Concrete over metal structure

30 Eero Saarinen born in Finland Airport Terminal in New York Futuristic Scandanavian Modernism Simple curved, organic shapes Theme of Motion / Wings in Flight Two concrete shells Eero Saarinen, Terminal at Kennedy Airport (New York),

31 Eero Saarinen born in Finland Eero Saarinen, Terminal at Kennedy Airport (New York),

32 Tulip Table and Chairs Eero Saarinen, Tulip Pedestal Furniture, 1957

33 Tulip Table and Chairs Eero Saarinen wanted to eliminate the problem of too many legs on furniture Based on the shape of tulip flower (organic shape) Made of Molded Plastic (new material) Clean and simple design Eero Saarinen, Tulip Pedestal Furniture, 1957

34 Seagram Building International Style Simple and Pure rectangular shape Mies van der Rohe helped change the look of cities tall glass boxes (design easily imitated) Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, Seagram Building (New York), Amber colored windows and bronze colored structure

35 Seagram Building Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, Seagram Building (New York),

36 Comparison

37 Post-Modern Architecture The Past Years Belief that Early Modernist Architecture was impersonal and sterile Complex and Eclectic structures Post-Modern architecture accepts and embraces the messy and chaotic nature of urban life References to architecture from the past

38 Pompidou Center Paris Richard Rogers (British) and Renzo Piano (Italian), Pompidou Center (Paris), 1977

39 Pompidou Center Paris Cultural Center and Museum Building turned inside out with the water, electrical, etc. pipes, ducts, and tubes on the outside Richard Rogers (British) and Renzo Piano (Italian), Pompidou Center (Paris), 1977 Square in front of the museum popular place to hang out Reference to Eiffel Tower (structure visible)

40 HSBC Hong Kong Norman Foster, Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (Hong Kong), ( )

41 HSBC Hong Kong High Tech Architecture Supporting skeleton on the outside Computer programmed sun track which finds sun rays to bring into the space Client wanted the most beautiful bank in the world Norman Foster, Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (Hong Kong), ( )

42 Frank Gehry Canadian (lives in USA) Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao, Spain) 1997

43 Art Museum (built for Guggenheim family same as in New York) Frank Gehry Canadian (lives in USA) Deconstructivist Architecture (concept of taking apart ) Imbalanced and Asymmetrical Forms Sculptural Structure is covered in Titanium Steel Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao, Spain) 1997

44 Comparison

45 Santiago Calatrava Spanish Santiago Calatrava, Milwaukee Art Museum (USA), 2001

46 Santiago Calatrava Spanish Art Museum Organic / Sculptural Form ( bird-like / boat-like ) Kenetic Architecture (the roof moves opening and closing according to the weather conditions) Santiago Calatrava, Milwaukee Art Museum (USA), 2001 Connects the building on Lake Michigan to the city with a bridge

47 Zaha Hadid Born in Iraq / Lives in London Zaha Hadid, MAXXI Art Museum (Rome, Italy), 2009

48 Zaha Hadid Born in Iraq/ Lives in London Only Woman to receive the Pritzer Prize in Architecture (most important award for architects) MAXXI refers to 21st Century (Roman Numerals XXI) Contemporary Art Museum Overlapping of geometric shapes Deconstructivist / Postmodernist Zaha Hadid, MAXXI Art Museum (Rome, Italy), 2009

Theory of Modernism Architecture

Theory of Modernism Architecture An overview of early 20th century Architecture trends Dr. Mohammed Al-Shabander Objectives Understand why the Industrial Revolution, and sociopolitical changes altered