Urban regeneration of large housing estates experiences from Berlin. Dirk Böttcher, Senate Department for Urban Development Tallinn

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1 Urban regeneration of large housing estates experiences from Berlin Dirk Böttcher, Senate Department for Urban Development Tallinn

2 Different basic conditions... legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural...but the same methodology: integrated approach 2

3 Tool kit for urban regeneration using the example of the large housing estate Marzahn-Hellersdorf in Berlin 3

4 Large Housing estate Marzahn-Hellersdorf Appartments: Inhabitants: the biggest large housing estate in Germany

5 Legal conditions legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 5

6 Legal conditions Unity of house and land Housing cooperative & owners association: many owners of appartments in one building build a housing cooperative to make decisions for the whole building urban regeneration and subsidies stated in the planning law integrated urban development conception as a condition to get subsidies

7 Economic conditions... legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 7

8 Economic conditions property of cooperative building companies (some of them belonging to the city of Berlin), owners associations, housing cooperatives, investment funds and single owners strong partners for the urban development department

9 Urbanistic conditions... legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 9

10 Goals for the urban regeneration of large housing estates Adaptation to demographic changes Stabilization of the housing market Combination of demolition and urban regeneration Creative handling of brown and green fields Sanitize the public image Creation of new spots for communication Qualification of educational facilities Participation of inhabitants

11 Financial conditions... demographic social legal economic Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 11

12 Financial conditions subsidies for refurbishment of residential and infrastructur buildings subsidies for the design of residential environment FRG and federal states provide funds for urban development Berlin: batch with ERDF + financial resources of the building companies / PPP (credits, if applicable reduced interest rates of the government owned bank)

13 Initial situation: demographic changes legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 13

14 Demographic development in Marzahn-Hellersdorf % 100% EW Melderechtliche reg. Einwohner (Indexiert 1994=100 %) 95% 90% 85% 80% EW Marzahn Berlin EW 75% EW

15 Reconstruction of buildings / demolition Marzahn - Hellersdorf demolition of appartments

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17 Dwelling stock before demolition

18 Building site June 2004

19 Goals of restructuring Survival of the building structure Creation of manageable objects (3 to 6 storeys) offers for handicapped and old people Redesign of the ground floor (entrance, tenants garden) Demolition: app. Refurbishment: 409 app. Condominium: 38 app.

20 New manifold floor plans Roof terraces

21 Adapting the infrastructure legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 21

22 Conversion and adaptation of the social infrastructure 22

23 Design of the residential environment 23

24 Demolition of social infrastructure

25 Demolition...what follows? 25

26 Coordination of temporary use 26

27 riding Tenants garden BMX track Circus

28 Ideal: enduring use 28

29 Social conditions and Empowerment legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 29

30 Social conditions economic difficulties, increasing pauperization, migration of the middle class have caused changes in the social structure of some quarters of Marzahn-Hellersdorf Neighbourhood management / Social cohesion policy

31 Components of a Neighbourhood management: interdisciplinary teams as main actors in the area interdisciplinary networking of administrative bodies integrated strategic and activity plan empowerment, "helping people to help them selves" Neighborhood Councils Neighborhood and Residents' Funds multitude of small projects within the different focus areas civic commitment to work towards socially integrative neighbourhoods

32 Selection of projects in Marzahn

33 Communication and participation Conferences Neighbourhood councils Participation in projects 33

34 Charette process with all stakeholders 34

35 Ecological conditions legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 35

36 Development of energy costs ,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 natural gas / related to 1991 district heating / related to consumer price index / related to 1991=100%

37 The Structure of the BEEN Results (Baltic Energy Efficiency Network for the Building Stock) Reports and documentations on WPs Info-leaflets to WP 2 through WP 4 Policy paper to WP 1 -online.net Reports on best practice projects Policy Paper + BEEN Results Manual for Tallinn: Mirja Adler (Credit and Export Guarantee Fund Kredex)

38 Case-Study Berlin: Frankfurter Allee Süd Years of construction: Owner: 3 building associations, 2 housing cooperatives

39 Surface-related energy parameters 2010 and reduction in comparison to 1992: FAS % Heating energy demand -41 % Final energy demand -52 % Primary energy demand -70 % CO 2 - Emission 78 kwh/m²a 103 kwh/m²a 60 kwh/m²a 16 kg/m²a Refurbishment of 100% of the residential buildings, including insulation of façade and ceilings, replacement of windows and the modernization of the supply equipment

40 Insulation Layer Thickness

41 Achieved state of renovation in East-Berlin Total renovation investments (for the precast flats): 5,5 Mrd. 65 % total renovated 35 % prevailing partly renovated Average renovation investments: per flat (financed by favourable KfW-Loans) flats with comprehensive measures need by average investment costs of (supported by additional interest subsidies) per flat for improving surroundings

42 Marzahn-Hellersdorf: integrated approach led to urban regeneration success nearly all appartments are (partly) renovated residential environment is basically redesigned vacancy declining, since 2008 increase of inhabitants and birth public investment: about 700 Mio. subsidies since 1990 social situation in some quarters still problematic 42

43 Thank you for your attention!