Department of Planning, Policy, & Design University of California, Irvine U246: Housing Policy Fall Quarter 2009

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1 Department of Planning, Policy, & Design University of California, Irvine U246: Housing Policy Fall Quarter 2009 Instructor Course Victoria Basolo, Ph.D., AICP Meets SSPA 1165 Office: SE I 206D Mon, 2 4:50 pm (949) Office Hours: Mon, 10:30 am 12 noon basolo@uci.edu and by appointment Housing, housing markets, and housing policies are not a laughing matter, but it is a good idea to maintain a sense of humor given current conditions. We may very well be in a transformative period in terms of housing needs, choices, planning and policies. Thus, it is an exciting time to be studying housing, including its cultural meanings, its relationship to urban sustainability, and the response of government to (real and perceived) housing problems. Course Background United States housing policy changed dramatically during the 20 th century. In the earlier part of the century, concerns were primarily directed at the physical conditions of the housing stock. However, during the 1930s, the Federal government created policy aimed at making housing more affordable for working class Americans. Government policies significantly affected (and continue to affect) the distribution of the population and the concomitant patterns of poverty visible in many metropolitan areas today. Housing policy is a complex web of regulations, financing, and programs, which address housing conditions, affordability, and discrimination. Low income housing policy, historically, has been situated within a larger community development social movement, with strong political participation and social justice goals. In some cases, however, housing policy serves to reinforce cultural and financial institutions such as home owning, home building, and mortgage lending, and can run counter to the aims of the community development movement. In this course, students will learn the history of housing and community development policy in the United States, current policy problems and policy prescriptions, and major theories underlying housing policy practice. The goals of the course are three fold. First, students will develop an understanding of the complexity of U.S. housing policy. Second, students will gain insight into the linkages between theory, planning and housing policy and housing and urban sustainability (physical and social). Third, students will acquire valuable knowledge for application to careers in housing and community development. 1

2 Required Texts Many readings are available on line through the course EEE website and/or the UCI libraries. All required readings are posted to the EEE websiteevery student group presentation must include a wild card reading (student selected) I have included suggestions for additional reading and you may select one of these if you like. There are two books required in this course: Schwartz, A.F Housing Policy in the United States. New York: Routledge. Jackson, K.T Crabgrass frontier: the Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press. I have placed copies (2) of the Schwartz book in the PPD front office for student use. These are my personal copies and I ask that you treat them kindly. I also ask that you do not keep a copy for more than four hours at a time, unless borrowed for overnight at the end of the day (after 4 pm) or on Friday (after 4 pm) for the weekend. Of course, you could purchase this book, but I am trying to offer you a more affordable option. The Jackson book can be found used and very affordable online through Amazon.com and other major book suppliers. Course Format & Additional Details The course is designed in a lecture (instructor) presentation (student group) discussion (class) format. Students are responsible for preparing 5 questions each per topic (generally two topics per session) for each session. Questions must be typed and ready for submission to the instructor. These questions will be used as the basis for class discussions. The instructions for student group led presentations are distributed the first day of class (Note: your seminar materials, if you agree, will be posted on the course website, following the presentation). In addition, students are required to submit ten readings summaries. The summary report form (blank) is posted to the course EEE website under assignments. Each student must submit a summary report on 10 readings over the course of the quarter. No more than one reading report can be done on any given topic (there are two topics on most days). Eligible readings fall on the following days: Oct. 5, 12, 26 and Nov. 2, 9, 16, 23 and do not include Schwartz or readings assigned to your group for presentation. Each Master s student is assigned to two groups, one for presentation of a course topic, and the other is for the preparation of a final group project (see handout for instructions). Ph.D. students are required to do an independent paper. Schedule & Reading Assignments Sep 28 Introduction: Overview of Course & History of Housing Policy Basolo (1998 with 2009 update). Housing Policy Over Time. Schwartz (2006), pp Gabriel, S.A Urban Housing Policy in the 1990s. Housing Policy Debate 7(4): Mitchell, J.P The Historical Context for Housing Policy in Federal Housing Policy and Programs, J.P. Mitchell (ed). New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers. Assignment 1 distributed (posted on EEE website) 2

3 Oct 5 a. Housing Markets (L) Bogart, W.T The Economics of Cities and Suburbs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp Galster, G. and J. Rothenberg Filtering in Urban Housing. Journal of Planning Education and Research 11: Grigsby, W.G Housing Markets and Public Policy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Rothenberg, J., Galster, G.C., Butler, R.V. and J.R. Pitkin The Maze of Urban Housing Markets: Theory, Evidence, and Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. b. Housing Market Distortions (L) Schwartz (2006), pp Ladd, H.F Evidence on Discrimination in Mortgage Lending. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(2): Quigley, J. and S. Raphael Regulation and the High Cost of Housing in California. American Economics Association Papers and Proceedings (May): Ross, Stephen L. and M.A. Turner Housing Discrimination in Metropolitan America: Explaining Changes between 1989 and Social Problems 52(2): Haughey, P. and V. Basolo The Effect of Dual Local and National Register Historic District Designation on Single Family Housing Prices in New Orleans. The Appraisal Journal 68(3): Malpezzi, Stephen Urban Regulation, the "New Economy," and Housing Prices. Housing Policy Debate 13(2): Yinger, J Housing Discrimination is Still Worth Worrying About. Housing Policy Debate 9(4): Oct 12 a. Public Housing Policy: Past, Present, & Future (S 1 ) Schwartz (2006), pp Popkin, Susan J., Cunningham, Mary K., and Martha Burt Public Housing Transformation and the Hard to House. Housing Policy Debate 16(1):

4 Quercia, R.A. and G.C. Galster The Challenges Facing Public Housing Authorities in a Brave New World. Housing Policy Debate 8(3): Vale, L.J Empathological Places: Residents Ambivalence Toward Remaining in Public Housing. Journal of Planning Education and Research 16: Fisher, R.M Origins for Federally Aided Public Housing in Federal Housing Policy and Programs, J.P. Mitchell (ed). New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers. Meehan, E.J The Evolution of Public Housing Policy in Federal Housing Policy and Programs, J.P. Mitchell (ed). New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers. b. Housing Rental Assistance (Demand side) (L) Schwartz (2006), U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Housing Choice Vouchers Fact Sheet. Available at: Cortes, A., Lam, K., and D. Fein Household Life Cycle and Length of Stay in Housing Assistance Programs. Cityscape 10(1): Oct 19 a. Housing Rental Assistance (Supply side) (L) Schwartz (2006), McClure, K The Low Income Housing Tax Credit as an Aid to Housing Finance: How Well Has It Worked? Housing Policy Debate 11(1): National Association of Redevelopment and Housing Officials. Low Income Housing Tax Credit. Available at: credit.html b. The Voucher Production Debate (S 2 ) McClure, K Housing Vouchers Versus Housing Production: Assessing Long Term Costs. Housing Policy Debate 9(2): Shroder, M. and A. Reiger Vouchers Versus Production Revisited. Journal of Housing Research 11(1):

5 Deng, Lan The Cost Effectiveness of the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Relative to Vouchers: Evidence from Six Metropolitan Areas. Housing Policy Debate 16 (3 4): (Scan: Know key findings). Weicher, J.C The Voucher/Production Debate in Building Foundations: Housing and Federal Policy, D. DiPasquale and L.C. Keyes (eds). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Oct 26 a. Mixed Income Housing, Mobility, and Deconcentration (S 3 ) Schwartz (2006), pp Basolo, V. and M. Nguyen Does Mobility Matter? An Analysis of Voucher Holders Neighborhoods. Housing Policy Debate 16(3/4): Brazley, M. and J.I. Gilderbloom HOPE VI Housing Program: Was it Effective? American Journal of Economics and Sociology 66(2): Popkin, Susan J., Buron, Larry F., Levy, Diane K. and Cunningham, Mary K The Gautreaux Legacy: What Might Mixed Income and Dispersal Strategies Mean for the Poorest Public Housing Tenants? Housing Policy Debate 11(4): Basolo, V Local Response to Federal Changes in the Housing Voucher Program: A Case Study of Intra Regional Cooperation. Housing Policy Debate 14(1/2): Schwartz, A. and K. Tajbakhsh Mixed Income Housing: Unanswered Questions. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 3(2): b. Student Final Project: Groups Assignment 1 due Assignment 2 distributed (posted on EEE website) Nov 2 a. Affordable Homeownership (L) Schwartz (2006), pp ; review Saegert, S., Fields, D., and K. Libman Deflating the Dream: Radical Risk and the Neoliberalization of Homeownership. Journal of Urban Affairs 31(3): Carliner, M.S Development of Federal Homeownership Policy. Housing Policy Debate 9(2): Basolo, V Explaining the Support For Homeownership Policy in Cities: A Political Economy Perspective. Housing Studies 22(1):

6 Martinez, Sylvia C The Housing Act of 1949: its place in the realization of the American dream of homeownership. Housing Policy Debate 11(2): Nicolas P. Retsinas and Eric S. Belsky (Eds.) Low Income Homeownership: Examining the Unexamined Goal. Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Housing Studies and Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. b. Foreclosure Crisis, the Secondary Market, and the Future of Homeownership (L) Crump, J., Newman, K., Belsky, E.S., Ashton, P., Kaplan, D.H., Hammel, D.J., and E. Wyly Cities Destroyed (Again) for Cash: Forum on the U.S. Foreclosure Crisis. Urban Geography 29(8): Swagel, P The Financial Crisis: An Inside View. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1:1 78. Gerardi, K. and P. Willen Subprime Mortgages, Foreclosures, and Urban Neighborhoods. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 9(3): Article 12. Lin, Z., Rosenblatt, E., and V.W. Yao Spillover Effects of Foreclosures on Neighborhood Property Values. Journal Of Real Estate Finance And Economics 38(4): Nov 9 a. Homelessness (S 4 ) Schwartz (2006), pp Assignment 3 distributed (posted on EEE website) Mitchell, D. and N. Heynen The Geography of Survival and the Right to the City: Speculations on Surveillance, Legal Innovation, and the Criminalization of Intervention. Urban Geography 30(6): Wright, T. and A. Vermund Suburban Homelessness and Social Space: Strategies of Authority and Local Resistance in Orange County, California in Anthropological Perspectives on Housing and Homelessness in the United States, A.L. Dehavenon (ed). Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Review HUD website on Homeless assistance: Bridgman, Rae Housing Chronically Homeless Women: "Inside" a Safe Haven. Housing Policy Debate 13(1):

7 Keyes, L.C Housing and the Homeless in Building Foundations, D. DiPasquale and L.C. Keyes (eds.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp Rossi, P.H Down and Out in America: The Origins of Homelessness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Rothenberg, J Making room: The Economics of Homelessness. Regional Science and Urban Economics 28(4): Toro, P.A. and M.G. Warren Homelessness in the United States: Policy Considerations. Journal of Community Psychology 27(2): b. Neighborhood Development & Community Development Corporations (L) Schwartz (2006), pp Rohe, W.M From Local to Global: One Hundred Years of Neighborhood Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 75(2): Rohe, W.M. and R. Bratt Failures, Downsizings, and Mergers among Community Development Corporations. Housing Policy Debate 14(1/2):1 46. Vidal, A.C. and W.D. Keating Community Development: Current Issues and Emerging Challenges. Journal of Urban Affairs 26(2): Basolo, V. and D. Strong Understanding the Neighborhood: From Residents Perceptions and Needs to Action. Housing Policy Debate 13(1): Gittell, R. and A. Vidal Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Koebel, C.T The Tortuous Path of Nonprofit Development in Shelter and Society: Theory, Research and Policy for Nonprofit Housing, C.T. Koebel (ed). Albany, NY: State University of New York, pp Liou, Y.T. and R.C. Stroh Community Development Intermediary Systems in the United States: Origins, Evolution, and Functions. Housing Policy Debate 9(3): Peterman, W Neighborhood Planning and Community Based Development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, pp. 1 70, , scan Schill, M., Ellen, I.G., Schwartz, A.E., and I. Voicu Revitalizing Inner City Neighborhoods: New York City s Ten Year Plan. Housing Policy Debate 13(3): Vidal, A Can Community Development Re Invent Itself? Journal of the American Planning Association 63(4): Assignment 3 Due 7

8 Nov 16 a. Local Housing Policies & Programs (L) Schwartz (2006), pp Basolo, V The Impacts of Inter city Competition and Intergovernmental Factors on Local Affordable Housing Programs. Housing Policy Debate 10(3): Dardia, M Subsidizing Redevelopment in California. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute, pp and read the summary document. Babcock, R.F Exclusionary Zoning: Land Use Regulation and Housing in the 1970s. New York: Praeger. Calavita, N., Grimes, K., and A. Mallach Inclusionary Housing in California and New Jersey: A Comparative Analysis. Housing Policy Debate 8(1): Gilderbloom, J.I. and J.P. Markham Moderate Rent Control: Sixty Cities Over 20 years. Journal of Urban Affairs 18(4): Kirp, D.L Our Town: Race, Housing, and the Soul of Suburbia. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Landis, J.D Land Regulation and the Price of New Housing: Lessons from Three California Cities. Journal of the American Planning Association 52:9 21. National Housing Conference Inclusionary Housing: The California Experience. Washington, D.C.: National Housing Conference, scan as interested (Available at: /documents/17692.pdf) U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Entitlement Communities Program. Available at: communitydevelopment/programs/entitlement/index.cfm U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Home Investment Partnership Program (HOME). Available at: cpd/affordablehousing/programs/home/index.cfm b. State & Regional Approaches to Housing (L) Basolo, V. and C. Scally State Innovations in Affordable Housing Policy: Lessons from California and New Jersey. Housing Policy Debate. Basolo, V. and D. Hastings Obstacles to Regional Housing Solutions: A Comparison of Four Metropolitan Areas. Journal of Urban Affairs 25(4):

9 Institute for Local Government. Nd. The Basics of SB 375: Transportation, Housing and Greenhouse Gases. Sacramento, CA. League of California Cities Technical Overview of SB 375. Sacramento, CA. Baer, W.C California s Housing Element: A Backdoor Approach to Metropolitan Governance and Regional Planning. Town Planning Review 59(3): Goetz, E Housing Policy Innovation in U.S. Cities and States in Shelter Burden. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp Haar, C.M Judges as Agents of Social Change: Can the Courts Break the Affordable Housing Deadlock in Metropolitan Areas? Housing Policy Debate 8(3): Nov 23 a. Urban and Housing Sustainability (S 5 ) Basolo, V Housing and Urban Sustainability. In Sustainability: A Global Urban Context, Igor Vojnovic (Ed.). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press (forthcoming). Charles L. Choguill, C.L The Search for Policies to Support Sustainable Housing. Habitat International 31: Student group will review the following (and similar books) for their presentation: Global Green USA Blueprint for Greening Affordable Housing. Washington, DC: Island Press. Islam, Nazrul Sustainability Issues in Urban Housing in a Low income Country: Bangladesh. Habitat International 20(3): b. Housing Demographics & Planning (S 6 ) California State Department of Housing and Community Development. Housing Elements. Available at: Lewis, P.G Can State Review of Local Planning Increase Housing Production? Housing Policy Debate 16(2): Lewis, P.G California s Housing Element Law: The Issue of Local Non Compliance. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California. (Scan: This is a long report, but it is informative). Access via web at: org/main/allpubs.asp Scan Orange County s Consolidated Plan at: 9

10 See for links to numerous consolidated and related plans. Masnick, George S The New Demographics of Housing. Housing Policy Debate 13(2): Myers, Dowell Demographic Dynamism and Metropolitan Change: Comparison of Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. Housing Policy Debate 10(4): Assignment 2 Due Nov 30 Student Group Project Presentations FINAL PROJECTS DUE Course Policies Drop Policy No drop cards for the course will be signed after October 5, Attendance & participation Students are expected to attend all class meetings, complete the reading assignments, participate in class discussions, as well as lead/co lead one class seminar during the quarter. Late assignment A late assignment receives a two point grade deduction for each day past the due date. Incompletes Incompletes will generally not be given. Extraordinary circumstances must exist for such a request to be considered. Grading Final grades in the course will be determined in the following fashion: Activity Points Assignments (3@5 pts. each) 15 Readings reports (10@ 2 pts.) 20 Seminar Lead 20 Final Project & Presentation 20 Participation in discussions 25 Total