Chapter 15: Non-Conformities

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 15: Non-Conformities"

Transcription

1 Chapter 15: Non-Conformities Section 15.1 Purpose Section 15.2 Non-Conforming Vacant Lots Section 15.3 Non-Conforming Buildings or Structures Section 15.4 Non-Conforming Uses Section 15.5 Reconstruction of Damaged Structures Section 15.6 Change in Kind of Non-Conforming Use Section 15.7 Other Non-Conforming Standards

2 Section 15.1 Purpose This Ordinance places restraints on the use of land and its improvements by establishing minimum standards. Prior to the adoption of this Ordinance, land and improvements were used and plans were initiated to use land and improvements in a number of instances according to standards below the standard established in this Ordinance. It is recognized that the strict application of the provisions of this Ordinance to circumstances emanating from past actions and past intentions as regards the use of land, when no standards or lesser standards were in existence, could yield hardships. It is recognized further that properties which do NOT now conform to the provisions of this Ordinance could be allowed to be used in such ways without violating the spirit of the Ordinance. Accordingly, the following sections refer to situations in which lots have been platted prior to the adoption of this Ordinance with dimensions and other characteristics which are NOT in conformity with the standards of this Ordinance; to treatment of existing uses and structures NOT in conformity with the standards of this Ordinance; to standards for the reconstruction of damaged structures which did NOT conform to the standards of this Ordinance; and to changes in zoning, subsequent to the adoption of this Ordinance, as these might affect conformity of parcels of land, their use or improvements thereon to the standards of this Ordinance. Section 15.2 Non-Conforming Vacant Lots This category of nonconformance consists of vacant lots for which plats or descriptions have been recorded in the office of the Register of Deeds of Iredell County, which at the time of the effective date of this Ordinance, fail to comply with the dimensional requirements for the districts in which they are located. Any such nonconforming lot may be used for any of the uses permitted by this ordinance in the district in which it is located, provided: Where the owner of a lawfully existing lot of record in any residential district or the owner's successor in title thereto does NOT own sufficient contiguous land to enable the owner to conform to the minimum lot size requirements of this Ordinance, such lot may be used. This shall also apply to lots that have been subject to an NCDOT road project. However, all other requirements of the district must be met. Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever two (2) or more adjoining vacant lots of record are in a single ownership at any time after the adoption of this Ordinance and such lots individually have less area or width than the minimum requirements of the district in which such lots are located, such lots shall be considered as one or more lots which meet the minimum requirements of this Ordinance for the district in which such lots are located. 15-2

3 Section 15.3 Non-Conforming Buildings or Structures This category of non-conformances consists of buildings or structures at the time of the passage of this Ordinance, that fail to comply with minimum requirements for area, width, front yard, side yard, rear yard, height, unobstructed open space and other requirements for the districts in which they are located. Structures and buildings may be improved, enlarged, extended, and replaced provided as follows: A. Non-conforming Buildings or Structures (including mobile homes, decks and accessory structures) 1. Normal structural repair and maintenance may be performed to allow the nonconforming structured to be used. 2. Any improvement, enlargement or extension, vertical or horizontal, shall comply with minimum requirements as to front yard, side yard, rear yard, height and unobstructed open space and other requirements for the district in which they are located. 3. Replacement of the structure is permitted provided a. the replacement does NOT project further into the setback or create any new non-conformities with respect to setbacks and cannot exceed the existing structure s peak height for any portion of the setback, b. replacement of any portion of the structure inside the required yard must stay within the footprint of the original structure, and c. permits are pulled and construction started within six (6) months following removal of the original structure. B. Non-Conforming Structures in the Watershed Overlay Existing development as defined in this ordinance, may be continued and maintained subject to the provisions provided herein. Expansions to structures classified as existing development must meet the requirements of this ordinance, however, the built-upon area of the existing development is NOT required to be included in the built-upon area calculations. 1. Uses of Land This category consists of uses existing at the time of adoption of this ordinance where such use of the land is NOT permitted to be established hereafter in the watershed area in which it is located. Such uses may be continued except as follows: a. When such use of land has been changed to an allowed use, it shall NOT thereafter revert to any prohibited use. b. Such use of land shall be changed only to an allowed use. c. When such use is abandoned for a period of at least one year, it shall NOT be reestablished. 15-3

4 2. Reconstruction of Buildings or Built-upon Areas Any existing building or built-upon area NOT in conformance with the restrictions of this ordinance that has been damaged or removed may be repaired and/or reconstructed, except that there are no restrictions on single family residential development, provided: a. Repair or reconstruction is initiated within six (6) months from the date of and completed within one (1) years of such damage. b. The total amount of space devoted to built-upon area may NOT be increased unless stormwater control that equals or exceeds the previous development is provided. C. Non-Conforming Structures in the Airport Overlay Subject to the provisions of subsection (a) of Section 4.5.4, the regulations prescribed in Section shall NOT be construed to require the removal, lowering or other change or alteration of any structure or tree NOT conforming to the regulations as of December 3, D. Non-Conforming Signs 1. Any sign legally in use prior to the effective date of this Ordinance or any amendments hereto which does NOT satisfy the requirements of Chapter 6 is declared to be nonconforming and may be continued subject to regulations of Subsection 2 below. 2. A nonconforming sign may be continued but it shall NOT be: a. Changed or replaced with another nonconforming sign. Only copy may be changed. b. Moved, expanded, altered or modified in any way, except to bring the sign into complete conformity with Chapter 6. c. Re-established once the sign structure has been removed. d. Re-established after damage or deterioration as defined in Subsection 3 or 4 below. 3. Damaged or Deteriorated Non-Conforming Signs If a non-conforming sign suffers more than sixty percent (60%) of its value by damage or deterioration it must be brought into conformance with this ordinance or be removed. The value shall be determined as the replacement cost at the time of damage or destruction. The applicant is required to provide two (2) estimates from different companies to the Zoning Administrator, which will be averaged to determine the replacement cost. If the Zoning Administrator approves the replacement, it must be completed (i.e. final building approval) within six months of the determination. If the Zoning Administrator denies the replacement, the sign must be completely removed within thirty (30) days of the determination. 15-4

5 4. Maintenance of Non-Conforming Signs Non-conforming signs shall be subject to all requirements of Chapter 6 regarding safety, maintenance and repair. Non-conforming signs shall be maintained in good condition including necessary non-structural repairs, incidental alterations or copy alterations, such as repainting and electrical repairs which do NOT extend or intensify the non-conforming features of the sign. E. Non-conforming Structures in the Floodplain Subject to the provisions of Sections 7.4.2, Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction (amended 11/15/16, TA ) Section 15.4 Non-Conforming Uses This category of non-conformances consists of uses at the effective date of this Ordinance for purposes not permitted in the district in which they are located. Such uses may be continued, provided as follows: A. When a nonconforming use has been changed to a conforming use, it shall NOT thereafter be used for any nonconforming use. B. Except as specifically authorized below, a nonconforming use shall NOT be extended or enlarged, vertically or horizontally, except into portions of the structure which, at the time the use became non-conforming were already erected and arranged or designed for such non-conforming use. No structural alterations or additions shall be made in any structure occupied by a nonconforming use, except those required by law or ordinance, and except as follows: 1. A nonconforming use, may be enlarged within the boundaries of the lot it occupied at the time it became nonconforming. An application must be submitted to staff. A hearing, with the Iredell County Planning Board will then be held. The Planning Board will make a recommendation to the Iredell County Board of Commissioners. The Iredell County Board of Commissioners will then hold a hearing and vote to approve or disapprove the request. The following are the criteria considered for these hearings. a. The enlargement will NOT cause substantial harm to the adjoining property owners. b. The enlargement will NOT result in traffic increases beyond the capacity of the roads serving said use. c. The enlargement will NOT result in emission of smoke, fumes, noise, odor, or dust which will be detrimental to the character of the district or to the health, safety, or general welfare of the community. d. The enlargement will meet all minimum setbacks and buffer requirements of the use district in which said use would be permitted. 2. The volume, intensity, or frequency of use of property where a nonconforming situation exists may be increased and the equipment or processes used at a location where a nonconforming situation exists may be changed if these or 15-5

6 similar changes amount only to changes in the degree of activity rather than changes in kind and no violations of this Ordinance occur. 3. Any structure used for single-family residential purposes and maintained as a nonconforming use may be replaced, repaired, or expanded provided: a. Replacement with a similar structure of the same, lesser, or larger size, so long as the replacement does NOT create new non-conformities or increase the extent of existing nonconformities with respect to yard size and setback requirements. In particular, a mobile home may be replaced with a larger mobile home, and a "single-wide" mobile home may be replaced with a "double-wide". b. Any improvement, enlargement, or extension, vertical or horizontal, shall comply with the minimum requirements as to front yard, side yard, rear yard, height, and unobstructed open space and other requirements per the Residential Agricultural (RA) zoning district. c. This section is subject to the limitations stated in subsection C. below on discontinued use. 4. Maintenance and repairs necessary to keep a nonconforming use in sound condition shall be permitted. C. When any nonconforming use is discontinued for a period in excess of one (1) year, any new use must be in conformance with the regulation of the district in which it is located. (amended 11/15/16, TA ) Section 15.5 Reconstruction of Damaged Structures When a non-conforming structure or a structure containing a nonconforming use is damaged by fire, flood, wind, act of God, or casualty, such structure may be reconstructed and used as before any such calamity, provided such reconstruction begins within six (6) months and is completed within one (1) year, and provided that the non-conforming situation is NOT increased. Section 15.6 Change in Kind of Non-Conforming Use A non-conforming use may be changed to another non-conforming use of similar or less intensity upon meeting the following requirements. A. The new use is allowed only in the same or more restrictive zoning districts as the previous use; B. The hours of operation generally can be expected to be similar (i.e., with regard to opening and/or closing times) or fewer than the previous use; C. The days of operation generally can be expected to be similar (or fewer) than the previous use; 15-6

7 D. The amount of required parking for the use is no greater than ten percent (10%) greater than the previous use; E. The level of traffic generated by the new use can be expected to be no more than ten percent (10%) greater than the previous use as determined by the most recent version of the ITE (International Traffic Engineers) manual; F. The use meets all other ordinance criteria, such as but NOT limited to, screening and parking requirements. G. The new use is NOT allowed to have outside storage, unless outdoor storage was part of previous use. (amended 11/15/16, TA ) Section 15.7 Other Non-Conforming Standards A. The existence of a nonconforming condition on a lot, parcel or tract of land shall NOT prevent the construction of additional buildings or structures on said parcel, lot or tract so long as said building or structure itself meets the requirements of this ordinance. B. Nonconforming conditions such as absent or substandard buffering or screening, or other landscaping nonconformities existing at the enactment of this Ordinance should be made conforming when the site meets the conditions set forth in Chapter 5. C. Nonconforming conditions such as absent or substandard parking spaces or parking area/driveway surfaces existing at the enactment of this Ordinance should be made conforming when six (6) or more parking spaces are added (whether required or not) or when the capacity of the site is increased. Capacity of the site is increased when the aspect used to calculate the number of parking spaces required is increased. For example, in retail stores the capacity is increased when floor area is increased, in offices capacity is increased when net rental area is increased, in manufacturing facilities capacity is increased when the number of employees is increased. 15-7

8 15-8

ARTICLE 10. NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE 10. NONCONFORMITIES ARTICLE 10. NONCONFORMITIES 10.1. General A lawful preexisting use, structure, or lot that does not meet the requirements of this UDO is deemed a nonconformity. Special provisions apply to nonconformities,

More information

13 NONCONFORMITIES [Revises Z-4]

13 NONCONFORMITIES [Revises Z-4] Dimensional Standards Building Design Standards Sidewalks Tree Protection & Landscaping Buffers & Screening Street Tree Planting Parking Lot Landscaping Outdoor Lighting Signs 13.1 PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY

More information

CHAPTER 21 Nonconforming Lots, Structures and Uses

CHAPTER 21 Nonconforming Lots, Structures and Uses CHAPTER 21 Nonconforming Lots, Structures and Uses Section 21.1 Description and Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to regulate nonconforming uses, structures, and lots as follows: A. The zoning districts

More information

7.20 Article 7.20 Nonconformities

7.20 Article 7.20 Nonconformities Article Nonconformities.01 Intent It is the intent of this ordinance to permit legal nonconforming lots, structures, or uses to continue until they are removed but not to encourage their survival. For

More information

17.0 NONCONFORMITIES CHAPTER 17: NONCONFORMITIES Purpose and Applicability

17.0 NONCONFORMITIES CHAPTER 17: NONCONFORMITIES Purpose and Applicability 17.0 NONCONFORMITIES 17.1 Purpose and Applicability The purpose of this section is to regulate and limit the continued existence of uses and structures established prior to the effective date of this Ordinance

More information

NONCONFORMITIES ARTICLE 39. Charter Township of Commerce Page 39-1 Zoning Ordinance. Article 39 Nonconformities

NONCONFORMITIES ARTICLE 39. Charter Township of Commerce Page 39-1 Zoning Ordinance. Article 39 Nonconformities ARTICLE 39 NONCONFORMITIES SECTION 39.01. Intent and Purpose It is recognized that there exists within the districts established by this Ordinance lots, structures, sites and uses which were lawful prior

More information

ARTICLE VII. NONCONFORMITIES. Section 700. Purpose.

ARTICLE VII. NONCONFORMITIES. Section 700. Purpose. ARTICLE VII. NONCONFORMITIES. Section 700. Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to regulate and limit the development and continued existence of legal uses, structures, lots, and signs established either

More information

ARTICLE III NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE III NONCONFORMITIES ARTICLE III NONCONFORMITIES 3.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this Article is to establish regulations and limitations on the continued existence of uses, buildings, platted lots or structures established prior

More information

Article 5. Nonconformities

Article 5. Nonconformities Article 5 Nonconformities Section 501 Section 502 Non-Conforming Uses The following provisions shall apply to all buildings and uses existing on the effective date of This Ordinance which do not conform

More information

ARTICLE 21 NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE 21 NONCONFORMITIES ARTICLE 21 NONCONFORMITIES Sections: 21-1 General Provisions 21-2 Nonconforming Lots of Record 21-3 Nonconforming Structures 21-4 Nonconforming Uses 21-5 Nonconforming Manufactured Homes SECTION 21-1 GENERAL

More information

ARTICLE 4.00 NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE 4.00 NONCONFORMITIES Section 4.01 -- INTENT ARTICLE 4.00 NONCONFORMITIES Nonconformities are uses, structures, buildings, or lots which do not conform to one or more provisions or requirements of this Ordinance or a subsequent

More information

NONCONFORMING LOTS, STRUCTURES, AND USES.

NONCONFORMING LOTS, STRUCTURES, AND USES. ARTICLE 7. NONCONFORMING LOTS, STRUCTURES, AND USES. Sec. 25-7.1. Purpose. The purpose of this section is to provide regulations for nonconforming lots, structures, and uses. These regulations are necessary

More information

ARTICLE IX. NONCONFORMITIES. Section 900. Purpose.

ARTICLE IX. NONCONFORMITIES. Section 900. Purpose. ARTICLE IX. NONCONFORMITIES Section 900. Purpose. It is the purpose of this Article to provide for the regulation of nonconforming structures, lots of record and uses, and to specify those circumstances

More information

Article 11.0 Nonconformities

Article 11.0 Nonconformities Sec. 11.1 Generally The purpose of this Article is to establish regulations and limitations on the continued existence of uses, lots, structures, signs, parking areas and other development features that

More information

CHAPTER 21.12: NONCONFORMITIES

CHAPTER 21.12: NONCONFORMITIES CHAPTER 21.12: NONCONFORMITIES 21.12.010 GENERAL PROVISIONS... 12-2 A. Purpose... 12-2 B. Authority to Continue... 12-2 C. Determination of Nonconformity Status... 12-3 D. Government Agency Property Acquisitions...

More information

CHAPTER 21.11: NONCONFORMITIES...1

CHAPTER 21.11: NONCONFORMITIES...1 0 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER.: NONCONFORMITIES.....0 General Provisions... A. Purpose... B. Authority to Continue... C. Determination of Nonconformity Status... D. Nonconformities Created Through Government

More information

ARTICLE 9: VESTING DETERMINATION, NONCONFORMITIES AND VARIANCES. Article History 2 SECTION 9.01 PURPOSE 3

ARTICLE 9: VESTING DETERMINATION, NONCONFORMITIES AND VARIANCES. Article History 2 SECTION 9.01 PURPOSE 3 ARTICLE 9 VESTING DETERMINATIONS, NONCONFORMITIES, AND VARIANCES Table of Contents Article History 2 SECTION 9.01 PURPOSE 3 SECTION 9.02 LOT OF RECORD AND VESTING DETERMINATIONS FOR NONCONFORMING DEVELOPMENTS

More information

PUBLIC NUISANCES & DETRIMENTAL NONCONFORMITIES

PUBLIC NUISANCES & DETRIMENTAL NONCONFORMITIES CHAPTER 6: NONCONFORMITIES SECTION 6.1 PURPOSE Within the primary and overlay districts established in this Ordinance or amendments that may later be adopted, certain situations may occur in which an existing

More information

ARTICLE Nonconformities

ARTICLE Nonconformities ARTICLE 3.00 Section 3.01 Intent are uses, structures, buildings, or lots which do not conform to one or more provisions or requirements of this Ordinance or a subsequent amendment, but which were lawfully

More information

ARTICLE 6 - NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE 6 - NONCONFORMITIES 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ARTICLE - NONCONFORMITIES Division 1. General. Section -1 Purpose and applicability. The purpose of this Article is to provide for the continuation, modification or eventual elimination

More information

TOWNSHIP OF SOLON COUNTY OF KENT, MICHIGAN. Members: Robert Ellick, Fred Gunnell, Mark Hoskins, Mary Lou Poulsen

TOWNSHIP OF SOLON COUNTY OF KENT, MICHIGAN. Members: Robert Ellick, Fred Gunnell, Mark Hoskins, Mary Lou Poulsen As recommended by Planning Commission at its December 27, 2017 meeting TOWNSHIP OF SOLON COUNTY OF KENT, MICHIGAN At a regular meeting of the Township Board of the Township of Solon, Kent County, Michigan,

More information

Chapter 9 - Non-Conformities CHAPTER 9 - INDEX

Chapter 9 - Non-Conformities CHAPTER 9 - INDEX CHAPTER 9 - INDEX 9-10: GENERAL... 3 9-20: SUBSTANDARD SIZE LOTS OR PARCELS... 3 9-20-10: GENERAL... 3 9-20-20: CUMULATING OF SUBSTANDARD SIZE LOTS OR PARCELS... 3 9-20-30: SEPARATION OF PLATTED SUBSTANDARD

More information

C HAPTER 15: N ONCONFORMITIES

C HAPTER 15: N ONCONFORMITIES SECTION 15.1: PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY The purpose of this Chapter is to regulate and limit the continued existence of uses and structures established prior to the effective date of this Code (or any

More information

ARTICLE 10 NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE 10 NONCONFORMITIES SECTION 10.01 - GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 10 NONCONFORMITIES A. Lots, structures, and uses of land and structures that were lawful before this Ordinance was adopted or amended and which would be prohibited,

More information

Board Of Adjustment Agenda. Documents: BOA AGENDA.PDF STAFF REPORT.PDF. Documents: Documents:

Board Of Adjustment Agenda. Documents: BOA AGENDA.PDF STAFF REPORT.PDF. Documents: Documents: 1. Board Of Adjustment Agenda Documents: 10.15.15 BOA AGENDA.PDF 2. 151015-1 Documents: 151015-1 STAFF REPORT.PDF 3. 151015-2 Documents: 151015-2 STAFF REPORT.PDF IREDELL COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT Roy

More information

ARTICLE 10 NONCONFORMITIES

ARTICLE 10 NONCONFORMITIES ARTICLE 10 NONCONFORMITIES SECTION 10.01 GENERAL PROVISIONS A. Lots, structures, and uses of land and structures that were lawful before this Ordinance was adopted or amended and which would be prohibited,

More information

2. Specify the limited conditions and circumstances under which nonconformities shall be permitted to continue.

2. Specify the limited conditions and circumstances under which nonconformities shall be permitted to continue. ARTICLE 22 NONCONFORMITIES Section 22.01 Intent and Purpose. It is recognized that there exists within the districts established by this Ordinance lots, structures, sites and uses which were lawful prior

More information

CITY OF APALACHICOLA ORDINANCE

CITY OF APALACHICOLA ORDINANCE CITY OF APALACHICOLA ORDINANCE 2017-05 AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ORDINANCE 91-7 WHICH ADOPTS THE CITY OF APALACHICOLA LAND DEVELOPMENT CODE REVISING SECTION II (DEFINITIONS) RELATING TO HISTORIC STRUCTURES,

More information

CHAPTER 2 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER LAWS.

CHAPTER 2 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER LAWS. CHAPTER 2 General Provisions 12-2-1 Minimum Requirements 12-2-2 Relationship with Other Laws 12-2-3 Effect on Existing Agreements 12-2-4 Scope of Regulations 12-2-5 Building Permit 12-2-6 Nonconforming

More information

The provisions herein are designed to accomplish this intent in a way that:

The provisions herein are designed to accomplish this intent in a way that: 6. A. PURPOSE The intent of this chapter is to provide for the continuation and, under appropriate circumstances, elimination of existing uses of property that do not conform to the requirements of this

More information

WEST UNION VILLAGE ORDINANCE ZONING

WEST UNION VILLAGE ORDINANCE ZONING Section 01: General Interpretation Clause WEST UNION VILLAGE ORDINANCE 2007-13 ZONING Unless a contrary intention clearly appears, the following words and phrases shall have the purpose of this zoning

More information

ARTICLE 2: General Provisions

ARTICLE 2: General Provisions ARTICLE 2: General Provisions 2-10 Intent The basic intent of the Town of Orange s Zoning Ordinance is to implement the goals and objectives of the adopted Town of Orange Comprehensive Plan, hereafter

More information

Vidalia, Louisiana Zoning and Development Code

Vidalia, Louisiana Zoning and Development Code Vidalia, Louisiana Zoning and Development Code Final Draft 3-2-15 VIDALIA, LOUISIANA 1 ARTICLE 1. AUTHORITY, PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY 1 1.1 Authority 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Title 2 1.4 Jurisdiction 2 1.5

More information

** If your lot does not meet the requirements above, please read Sec below

** If your lot does not meet the requirements above, please read Sec below Sec. 13-1-60 Zoning District Dimensional Requirements. For the Zoning Dept To Issue a Land Use Permit The Following Dimensions are Required. Minimum Side and Rear Yards s Lakes Classification Minimum Class

More information

WEISENBERG TOWNSHIP, PENNSYLVANIA

WEISENBERG TOWNSHIP, PENNSYLVANIA WEISENBERG TOWNSHIP, PENNSYLVANIA ZONING HEARING BOARD APPLICATION FOR HEARING (Board meets second Wednesday each month) DOCKET NO. Date: FEE: $ 500.00 Single Family Residence $ 800.00 Other Than Single

More information

Franklin County Zoning Ordinance Adopted by:

Franklin County Zoning Ordinance Adopted by: FRANKLIN COUNTY ZONING ORDINANCE i Franklin County Zoning Ordinance Adopted by: Franklin County Plan Commission................. January 1, 2009 Franklin County Commissioners................... January

More information

GARDEN HIGHWAY SPECIAL PLANNING AREA

GARDEN HIGHWAY SPECIAL PLANNING AREA GARDEN HIGHWAY SPECIAL PLANNING AREA 501-250. INTENT. The land area between the Garden Highway and the Sacramento River possesses unique environmental amenities that require special treatment and regulation.

More information

ZONING ORDINANCE CITY OF EUFAULA, ALABAMA

ZONING ORDINANCE CITY OF EUFAULA, ALABAMA UPDATED October 7, 2008 1986-26 ZONING ORDINANCE CITY OF EUFAULA, ALABAMA AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING COMPREHENSIVE ZONING REGULATIONS FOR THE CITY OF EUFAULA, ALABAMA, AND PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATION,

More information

H 7741 SUBSTITUTE A ======== LC005052/SUB A/2 ======== S T A T E O F R H O D E I S L A N D

H 7741 SUBSTITUTE A ======== LC005052/SUB A/2 ======== S T A T E O F R H O D E I S L A N D 01 -- H 1 SUBSTITUTE A LC000/SUB A/ S T A T E O F R H O D E I S L A N D IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 01 A N A C T RELATING TO TOWNS AND CITIES -- ZONING ORDINANCES Introduced By: Representatives

More information

Town of Brookeville Zoning Ordinance

Town of Brookeville Zoning Ordinance Town of Brookeville Zoning Ordinance Article I. In General Section 10-101. Purpose: The Town of Brookeville has been included on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979 and designated as an

More information

Town of Scarborough, Maine

Town of Scarborough, Maine Town of Scarborough, Maine Miscellaneous Appeal INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR ALL APPEALS Before any appeal can be processed, the following material must be submitted to the Code Enforcement Office: 1. A fee

More information

-Section Contents- 201 Districts Overlay Districts Incorporation of Maps District Boundaries...

-Section Contents- 201 Districts Overlay Districts Incorporation of Maps District Boundaries... SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND EXCEPTIONS -Section Contents- ZONING DISTRICTS 201 Districts... 2-2 202 Overlay Districts... 2-2 203 Incorporation of Maps... 2-3 204 District Boundaries... 2-3 LAND

More information

CITY OF HENDERSON TABLE OF CONTENTS. Section 101: Purpose... 1 Section 102: Authority... 1 GENERAL REGULATIONS APPLIED TO ALL DISTRICTS

CITY OF HENDERSON TABLE OF CONTENTS. Section 101: Purpose... 1 Section 102: Authority... 1 GENERAL REGULATIONS APPLIED TO ALL DISTRICTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE 100: PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY Section 101: Purpose... 1 Section 102: Authority... 1 ARTICLE 200: GENERAL REGULATIONS APPLIED TO ALL DISTRICTS Section 201: Jurisdiction and Zoning

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1.1 Official Title Effective date Authority

TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1.1 Official Title Effective date Authority Chapter 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 Official Title... 1-1 1.2 Effective date... 1-1 1.3 Authority... 1-1 1.3.1 General Authority... 1-1 1.3.2 References to North Carolina General Statutes...

More information

Revised 01/19/17 Charter Township of Orion Zoning Ordinance 78 Page 27-1

Revised 01/19/17 Charter Township of Orion Zoning Ordinance 78 Page 27-1 Section 27.00 Administrative Regulations A. Scope of Regulations... 27-4 B. Minimum Requirements... 27-4 C. Nonabrogation of Other Ordinances or Agreements... 27-4 D. Vested Right... 27-4 E. Severance

More information

Article XII. General Provisions and Regulations

Article XII. General Provisions and Regulations and Regulations The regulations contained in this chapter are intended to clarify, supplement or modify the regulations set forth elsewhere in this ordinance. 157.182. USE OF LAND OR STRUCTURES A. Conformity

More information

ARTICLE 2 ZONING DISTRICTS AND MAPS

ARTICLE 2 ZONING DISTRICTS AND MAPS ARTICLE 2 ZONING DISTRICTS AND MAPS SECTION 2.100 PURPOSE OF DISTRICTS Section 2.101. For the purpose of this Ordinance, Billings Township is hereby divided into districts as follows: DISTRICT NAME SYMBOL

More information

ZONING ORDINANCE CITY OF GRANDVIEW

ZONING ORDINANCE CITY OF GRANDVIEW ZONING ORDINANCE CITY OF GRANDVIEW TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 TITLE SECTION 2 PURPOSE SECTION 3 ZONING DISTRICTS ESTABLISHED 3.1 Zoning Districts Identified 3.2 Description and Purpose of Zoning Districts

More information

Chapter 1107: Zoning Districts

Chapter 1107: Zoning Districts Chapter 1107: Zoning Districts 1107.01 Establishment of Zoning Districts (a) Districts Established In order to carry out the purpose of this code, the City is hereby divided into the zoning districts established

More information

OLD BUSINESS NEW BUSINESS

OLD BUSINESS NEW BUSINESS TO: Zoning Board of Adjustment FROM: Peter Stith, AICP, Planning Department DATE: November 16, 2018 RE: Zoning Board of Adjustment OLD BUSINESS 1. 127 & 137 High Street Request for Rehearing NEW BUSINESS

More information

FREQUENTLY USED PLANNING & ZONING TERMS

FREQUENTLY USED PLANNING & ZONING TERMS City Of Mustang FREQUENTLY USED PLANNING & ZONING TERMS Abut: Having property lines, street lines, or zoning district lines in common. Accessory Structure: A structure of secondary importance or function

More information

NYE COUNTY, NV PAHRUMP REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING December 14, 2016

NYE COUNTY, NV PAHRUMP REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING December 14, 2016 NYE COUNTY, NV PAHRUMP REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING December 14, 2016 Staff Report Agenda Item No. 13 CASE DESCRIPTION(S): LOCATION: For Possible Action CU-2016-000023: Public hearing,

More information

Boyertown Borough and Colebrookdale and Pike Townships Joint Zoning Ordinance

Boyertown Borough and Colebrookdale and Pike Townships Joint Zoning Ordinance Boyertown Borough and Colebrookdale and Pike Townships Joint Zoning Ordinance Berks County, Pennsylvania Effective Date - November 7, 2010 This Ordinance was prepared under the direction of the Boyertown

More information

Title 6 - Local Government Provisions Applicable to Special Purpose Districts and Other Political Subdivisions

Title 6 - Local Government Provisions Applicable to Special Purpose Districts and Other Political Subdivisions Title 6 - Local Government Provisions Applicable to Special Purpose Districts and Other Political Subdivisions CHAPTER 29. SOUTH CAROLINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING ENABLING ACT OF 1994 1994

More information

CHAPTER 14 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENTS

CHAPTER 14 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENTS 9-14-1 9-14-1 CHAPTER 14 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENTS SECTION: 9-14-1: Purpose 9-14-2: Governing Provisions 9-14-3: Minimum Area 9-14-4: Uses Permitted 9-14-5: Common Open Space 9-14-6: Utility Requirements

More information

CHAPTER NONCONFORMITIES.

CHAPTER NONCONFORMITIES. - i CHAPTER. - NONCONFORMITIES. Sec. -. - Intent. Sec. -2. - Development as a matter of right. Sec. -3. - Nonconforming development. Sec. -. - Vested rights. Sec. -. - Hardship relief; Variances. 2 3 admin.

More information

City of Quincy, Massachusetts. Zoning Code

City of Quincy, Massachusetts. Zoning Code City of Quincy, Massachusetts Zoning Code Mayor Thomas P. Koch Quincy, Massachusetts Updated ~ June 2011 QUINCY ZONING ORDINANCE June 14, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE AND AUTHORITY 1 1.1 TITLE 1

More information

Charter Township of Plymouth Zoning Ordinance No. 99 Page 331 Article 27: Nonconformities Amendments: ARTICLE XXVII NONCONFORMITIES

Charter Township of Plymouth Zoning Ordinance No. 99 Page 331 Article 27: Nonconformities Amendments: ARTICLE XXVII NONCONFORMITIES Charter Township of Plymouth Zoning Ordinance No. 99 Page 331 ARTICLE XXVII NONCONFORMITIES PURPOSE This Article is hereby established for the following purposes: 1. Recognition of Nonconformities To recognize

More information

UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE HARNETT COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. Amended February 17, 2014

UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE HARNETT COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. Amended February 17, 2014 UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE OF HARNETT COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA Adopted October 17, 2011 Amended February 17, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS... 6 SECTION 1.0 TITLE... 6 SECTION 2.0

More information

Chapter DENSITY AND OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Chapter DENSITY AND OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS Chapter 19.52 DENSITY AND OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS Sections: 19.52.010 Lot coverage Requirements generally. 19.52.020 Measurement of lot coverage. 19.52.030 Lot coverage R-15 zone. 19.52.040 Lot coverage

More information

ARTICLE X. NONCONFORMITIES AND VESTED RIGHTS

ARTICLE X. NONCONFORMITIES AND VESTED RIGHTS 1 0 1 0 1 ARTICLE X. NONCONFORMITIES AND VESTED RIGHTS DIVISION 1. NONCONFORMITIES Section 0-.1. Purpose. The purpose of this division is to provide regulations for the continuation and elimination of

More information

ORDINANCE NO. An Amending Ordinance

ORDINANCE NO. An Amending Ordinance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 SYNOPSIS: ORDINANCE NO. An Amending Ordinance AMEND TITLE 16 CHAPTER 100 OF THE COLUMBIA COUNTY CODE OF ORDINANCE INTRODUCED

More information

GC General Commercial District

GC General Commercial District Section 712. GC General Commercial District 712.1 Intent of District. It is the intent of this section that the GC Zoning District be developed and reserved for general business purposes. The regulations

More information

HUERFANO COUNTY SIGN REGULATIONS SECTION 14.00

HUERFANO COUNTY SIGN REGULATIONS SECTION 14.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page 14.01 SIGN CODE... 14-1 14.01.01 Intent and Purpose... 14-1 14.02 GENERAL PROVISIONS... 14-1 14.02.01 Title... 14-1 14.02.02 Repeal... 14-1 14.02.03 Scope and Applicability

More information

Section Development standards for single family districts.

Section Development standards for single family districts. B. CHAPTER 7: NONCONFORMITIES 1. Amend Section 7.103, Nonconforming structures, item (7) by modifying the length of time a permit may be issued for residential structures damaged or destroyed by acts of

More information

13. NON-CONFORMITIES

13. NON-CONFORMITIES 13. NON-CONFORMITIES PART 13A PURPOSE OF CHAPTER (1) The purpose of this Chapter is to provide for the regulation of uses and buildings that were lawfully established prior to the coming into force of

More information

Board of Adjustment File No.: VAR February 24, 2014 Page 2 of 7 VICINITY MAP ATTACHMENTS

Board of Adjustment File No.: VAR February 24, 2014 Page 2 of 7 VICINITY MAP ATTACHMENTS Board of Adjustment File No.: VAR2014 0004 February 24, 2014 Page 2 of 7 VICINITY MAP ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: Variance application Attachment B: As-built Attachment C: 1999 Plat Attachment D: Front of

More information

Burke County WATERSHED PROTECTION ORDINANCE

Burke County WATERSHED PROTECTION ORDINANCE Burke County WATERSHED PROTECTION ORDINANCE ARTICLE 100: AUTHORITY AND GENERAL REGULATIONS Section 101. Authority and Enactment. The Legislature of the State of North Carolina has, in Chapter [153A], Article

More information

SECTION CLASSIFICATION OF ZONES For the purpose of this Code the following primary land use zoning districts are hereby established:

SECTION CLASSIFICATION OF ZONES For the purpose of this Code the following primary land use zoning districts are hereby established: ARTICLE 4 ZONING DISTRICTS SECTION 4.010 CLASSIFICATION OF ZONES For the purpose of this Code the following primary land use zoning districts are hereby established: Primary Zones Abbreviated Designation

More information

Chapter 210 CONDITIONAL USES

Chapter 210 CONDITIONAL USES Chapter 210 CONDITIONAL USES 210.01 Purpose 210.02 Authorization 210.03 Process Type 210.04 Determination of Major or Minor Conditional Use Review 210.05 Approval Criteria 210.06 Conditions of Approval

More information

CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF OAKLAND ZONING ORDINANCE

CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF OAKLAND ZONING ORDINANCE CHARTER TOWNSHIP OF OAKLAND ZONING ORDINANCE DRAFT as Recommended by the Planning Commission to the Township Board on September 7, 2010 August 11, 2010 Charter Township of Oakland Zoning Ordinance Charter

More information

ARTICLE III ZONING DISTRICTS AND GENERAL REGULATIONS

ARTICLE III ZONING DISTRICTS AND GENERAL REGULATIONS ARTICLE III ZONING DISTRICTS AND GENERAL REGULATIONS 3.1 Districts. The City of Wheaton, Illinois, is hereby divided into the following zoning districts. The following are general descriptions, but not

More information

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS 200 ZONING DISTRICTS ESTABLISHED 201 SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRICTS ESTABLISHED 202 OFFICIAL ZONING MAP ESTABLISHED 203 DISTRICT BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION and INTERPRETATION 204 LIMITATION

More information

May 12, Chapter RH HILLSIDE RESIDENTIAL ZONES REGULATIONS Sections:

May 12, Chapter RH HILLSIDE RESIDENTIAL ZONES REGULATIONS Sections: May 12, 2017 Chapter 17.13 RH HILLSIDE RESIDENTIAL ZONES REGULATIONS Sections: 17.13.010 Title, intent, and description. 17.13.020 Required design review process. 17.13.030 Permitted and conditionally

More information

Chapter 75 Zoning. Article 1. General Provisions and Administration

Chapter 75 Zoning. Article 1. General Provisions and Administration Chapter 75 Zoning Article 1 General Provisions and Administration Part 1. General Provisions. 75-1. Title. The regulations set forth in this Chapter shall be known as the Zoning Ordinance of the Town of

More information

ARTICLE 5.0 SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS

ARTICLE 5.0 SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS ARTICLE 5.0 SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS Section 5.101 Table of Dimensional Standards by District. Dimensional Standards AG AG with sewer Districts Rural Residential Business Other SF SF with sewer R-1 R-1

More information

City Council 1-15-08- Exhibit A Mansionization Code Amendments Recommended by Planning Commission 11-14-07 INCREASE OPEN SPACE AND SETBACKS Section 10.12.030 and A.12.030 Property Development Regulations:

More information

CHAPTER XX ZONING PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS PART 2 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS

CHAPTER XX ZONING PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS PART 2 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS CHAPTER XX ZONING PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 101 Titles 102 General Intent 103 General Goals 104 General Provisions 105 Relationship to the Comprehensive Plan 106 Establishment of Controls and Districts

More information

WEBSTER TOWNSHIP LAND DIVISION ORDINANCE. Summary Table of Amendments

WEBSTER TOWNSHIP LAND DIVISION ORDINANCE. Summary Table of Amendments WEBSTER TOWNSHIP LAND DIVISION ORDINANCE Ordinance No. 2012 02 As Adopted 04-17-12 Summary Table of Amendments Adoption Date Affected Sections Summary October 10, 3 Added definition of Township Engineer

More information

ORDINANCE NO. 5 CASE NO. ORA THIRD SET OF OMNIBUS AMENDMENTS TO THE KOOTENAI COUNTY LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT CODE

ORDINANCE NO. 5 CASE NO. ORA THIRD SET OF OMNIBUS AMENDMENTS TO THE KOOTENAI COUNTY LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT CODE ORDINANCE NO. 5 CASE NO. ORA18-0003 THIRD SET OF OMNIBUS AMENDMENTS TO THE KOOTENAI COUNTY LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT CODE AN ORDINANCE OF KOOTENAI COUNTY, IDAHO, A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE OF

More information

ARTICLE XI CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS

ARTICLE XI CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS ARTICLE XI CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS 11.1 Purpose. The City of Hailey recognizes that certain uses possess unique and special characteristics with respect to their location, design, size, method of operation,

More information

ARTICLE XXII. GENERAL REGULATIONS SECTION UNSAFE DWELLINGS, STRUCTURES OR LAND SECTION VISIBILITY AT STREET INTERSECTIONS

ARTICLE XXII. GENERAL REGULATIONS SECTION UNSAFE DWELLINGS, STRUCTURES OR LAND SECTION VISIBILITY AT STREET INTERSECTIONS ARTICLE XXII. GENERAL REGULATIONS SECTION 2201. UNSAFE DWELLINGS, STRUCTURES OR LAND 1. No dwelling or structure or land shall be used or occupied if such dwelling or structure or land, as determined by

More information

Hopkins City Code (Zoning) (Revised ) Section Zoning; general provisions

Hopkins City Code (Zoning) (Revised ) Section Zoning; general provisions Hopkins City Code (Zoning) 520.01 (Revised 12-28-06) Section 520 - Zoning; general provisions 520.01. Application. Subdivision 1. Minimum standards. The provisions of this code are the minimum requirements

More information

CHAPTER 11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS

CHAPTER 11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS CHAPTER 11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Section 1101 Establishment of Development Standards: The purpose of development standards is to protect the general health, safety and

More information

ORDINANCE NO

ORDINANCE NO AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SANTA CRUZ AMENDING CHAPTER 24.08, PART 10 HISTORIC ALTERATION PERMIT, CHAPTER 24.12, PART 5 HISTORIC PRESERVATION, CHAPTER 24.12 COMMUNITY DESIGN, CHAPTER 24.16 AFFORDABLE

More information

SECTION 822 "R-1-A" AND "R-1-AH" - SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS

SECTION 822 R-1-A AND R-1-AH - SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS SECTION 822 "R-1-A" AND "R-1-AH" - SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS The "R-1-A" and "R-1-AH" Districts are intended to provide for the development of single family residential homes at urban standards

More information

Stem Zoning Ordinance

Stem Zoning Ordinance Stem Zoning Ordinance Town of Stem North Carolina September 21, 2016 (Supersedes Stem Zoning Ordinance 04/21/2014) ZoningORD_Final_09-21-16.docx Authority Article 1. General and Legal Provisions... 9

More information

ARTICLE IV DISTRICT REGULATIONS

ARTICLE IV DISTRICT REGULATIONS PART 1. RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS 4-101. RS. Single-Family Residential Suburban District. The RS District is designed for single-family dwellings, and compatible uses, at a density no greater than one dwelling

More information

CHAPTER 1268 R-1, R-2 AND R-3 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS

CHAPTER 1268 R-1, R-2 AND R-3 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS CHAPTER 1268 R-1, R-2 AND R-3 RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS 1268.01 PURPOSE. Residential districts and their regulations are established in order to achieve, among others, the following purposes: (a) To regulate

More information

ARTICLE 20 SIGN REGULATIONS

ARTICLE 20 SIGN REGULATIONS ARTICLE 20 SIGN REGULATIONS Section 20.01 Purpose The purpose of this Article is to regulate the size, placement, and general appearance of all privately owned signs and billboards in order to promote

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Township of Clyde i

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Township of Clyde i TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE 1 - TITLE, PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND LEGAL BASIS... 1-1 1.01 TITLE...1-1 1.02 PURPOSE... 1-1 1.03 SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION...1-1 1.04 THE EFFECT OF ZONING... 1-2 1.05 LEGAL BASIS...1-2

More information

AVON ZONING ORDINANCE CHAPTER 1. TITLE, PURPOSE AND EFFECT... 7 CHAPTER 2. LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY... 11

AVON ZONING ORDINANCE CHAPTER 1. TITLE, PURPOSE AND EFFECT... 7 CHAPTER 2. LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY... 11 CHAPTER 1. TITLE, PURPOSE AND EFFECT... 7 SECTION 1-1. TITLE... 7 SECTION 1-2. AUTHORITY... 7 SECTION 1-3. PURPOSES... 7 SECTION 1-4. SCOPE... 7 SECTION 1-5. PROVISIONS DECLARED TO BE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS...

More information

ARTICLE 24 SITE PLAN REVIEW

ARTICLE 24 SITE PLAN REVIEW ARTICLE 24 SITE PLAN REVIEW 24.1 PURPOSE: The intent of these Ordinance provisions is to provide for consultation and cooperation between the land developer and the Township Planning Commission in order

More information

Midwest City, Oklahoma Zoning Ordinance

Midwest City, Oklahoma Zoning Ordinance 2010 Midwest City, Oklahoma Zoning Ordinance 9/2/2010 Table of Contents Section 1. General Provisions... 5 1.1. Citation... 5 1.2. Authority... 5 1.3. Purpose... 5 1.4. Nature and Application... 5 1.5.

More information

ARTICLE SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS

ARTICLE SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS ARTICLE 21.00 SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS FOOTNOTES TO ARTICLE 21.00 SCHEDULE OF REGULATIONS a. If one or both public sanitary sewers and/or public water supply are not available minimum lot size shall be

More information

City of Harrisburg Variance and Special Exception Application

City of Harrisburg Variance and Special Exception Application City of Harrisburg Variance and Special Exception Application Note: The Planning Bureau will review all applications for completeness; incomplete applications may cause a delay in processing. Contact Ben

More information

PICKENS COUNTY UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS ORDINANCE. Organization of the Ordinance

PICKENS COUNTY UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS ORDINANCE. Organization of the Ordinance PICKENS COUNTY UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS ORDINANCE Organization of the Ordinance Article 1. Article 2. Article 3. Article 4. Article 5. Article 6. Article 7. Adoption, Applicability and Interpretation

More information

PIKE TOWNSHIP, OHIO July 6, 2010 ZONING REGULATIONS

PIKE TOWNSHIP, OHIO July 6, 2010 ZONING REGULATIONS CHAPTER 9 - ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT Section A - General Provisions The formulation, administration, and enforcement of these Zoning Regulations is hereby vested in the following offices of Clark

More information

Special Use Permit - Planned Unit Development Checklist. Property Address:

Special Use Permit - Planned Unit Development Checklist. Property Address: Special Use Permit - Planned Unit Development Checklist Special Use Permit Number. Parcel Code/s #28-11- - - Property Address: Applicant: ARTICLE VIII Ordinance Reference - Section 8.1.2 Permit Procedures:

More information

CUDAHY MUNICIPAL CODE

CUDAHY MUNICIPAL CODE CUDAHY MUNICIPAL CODE 20.80.010 Accessory uses may be developed as permitted in this zoning code provided such uses are located on the same lot or parcel of land and are incidental to, and do not substantially

More information