ELEMENTS OF LAND CADASTRE IN LITHUANIA

Transcription

1 Geodezija ir Kartografija ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: ELEMENTS OF LAND CADASTRE IN LITHUANIA E. Petrulytė To cite this article: E. Petrulytė (1998) ELEMENTS OF LAND CADASTRE IN LITHUANIA, Geodezija ir Kartografija, 24:1, To link to this article: Published online: 11 Sep Submit your article to this journal Article views: 110 Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

2 ISSN ISSN Geodezija ir kartografija, 1998, XXIV t., Nr.1 Geodesy and Cartography, 1998, Vol. XXIV, No 1 UDK 528: ELEMENТS OF LAND CADASTRE IN LIТНUANIA Е. Petrulytё 1. Introduction The cadastral system in Lithuania is called state land cadastre (SLC). The system consists of а central data bank (CDB). Тhе CDB contains natural, legal and economic data that describes the land and is kept up-to-date Ьу several primary data banks. The main purpose of land cadastre is: - to form land parcels and mark them on the ground, - to prepare data necessary for the calculation of land and land lease tax:es, - to provide reliaьle information for the restitution of ownership rights to land parcels and the privatisation of land parcels, - to produce land cadastre maps. Property rights to land arise when they are registered in the state land cadastre. This must Ье done within а period of three months, after the conclusion of an agreement about conveyance disposal of а right of real property. This is also the matter when а land parcel is estaьlished, subdivided or reformed in another way. Rights and interests that are not registered in the state land cadastre in time are not protected Ьу the state. То transfer а property it is possiьle only when the owner and the land plot are registered in the SLC. The data concerning property can Ье divided into the following groups: - data about the property itself: cadastral code, soil and farming quality, areas of prevailing land use, value etc. - data about buildings and other real property on the land parcel: type of building, value etc. - data on land owners and lessees: name and civil code of natural persons, identification of enterprises. - data on legal rights: legal basis for land acquisition, leasehold оп permission to use land; entries about easement, mortgage and other partial interests; the principal specific purpose and other land use restrictions. 33

3 The scale in city and urban territories is 1:500-1:2000. In rural areas, the scale is between 1:5000 and 1: Тhе registry maps illustrate: - administrative boundaries ( counties, districts ), - boundaries of cadastral units and Ьlocks ( cadastral codes ), - Ьoundaries of properties and land parcels, - cadastral codes of properties [1,2]. 2. The elements of land cadastre maps Offices managing land cadastre and enterprises preparing land cadastre data use the cadastral maps shown in ТаЫе 1 [3]. ТаЬlе 1. Maps used in land cadastre Maps,plans Scales Information Used for 1. Soil maps 1: Soil contours area cartographed in Preparation of land plans according to the field research management projects and of land productivity evaluation 2. Plans of 1: Boundaries of drainage and irrigation Land productivity evaluation reclaimed land systems are marked 3. Maps of land 1: Are being prepared and are supposed Preparation of land productivity to Ье completed for all territories of management projects for farming land up till1997 land reform 4. Maps on the 1: Implementation of laws and decisions The estaьlishment of land restrictions of (rural areas), of the government and marking of use conditions for а farming activities 1: :2 000 protected territories and objects in the individual tenure ( urban areas) maps 5. Land use maps Basic maps where land management Used in land cadastre for projects for land reforms are calculation of areas prepared, and land register maps are prepared on the basis of these maps 3. Cadastral identification system Тhе purpose of the cadastral identification (ID) system is to define the guidelines and rules of unique identification of the objects (parcels) of state land register (SLR) and state land cadastre (SLC) in the country. Тhе secondary purpose of the cadastral identification is to ensure the unique link between SLC and SLR. 34

4 The earlier cadastral identification system was based оп the administrative division of the country. According to the identification system of administrative units and populated localities, the principal identification features are as follows: а country, district, town, settlement and village. All this data constitutes land parcel identification ( except the county, which is included as an attributive information for the description of а district or town). Тhе present cadastral identification system is based on the imput of cadastral units. Тhе country is divided into cadastral units, total number of them is In most cases boundaries of the cadastral units coincide with natural or administrative boundaries (municipality or town boundaries). Each cadastral unit has its unique name (usually the name of the largest settlement in the area) and а unique code. Тhе cadastral unit code field "KODAS" consists of 4 characters. Each cadastral unit is divided into Ьlocks. Вlock boundaries coincide with natural boundaries and property boundaries. Each Ьlock has its own unique code (number) in the cadastral area. The Ьlock code field "BLOКAS" comprises 4 characters. Each land parcel has а number that is unique in the Ьlock. The parcel number field "ZNR" consists of 4 figures. Boundaries of cadastral areas and Ьlocks always coincide with parcel boundaries. Тhе complete cadastral addresses defined Ьу 3 fields: а cadastral area code, а Ьlock code and а parcel number in the Ьlock. These three fields make up the identification of а parcel (cadastral unit), which is unique in the country. The concept scheme of the parcel identification is given in Fig 1. During the land reform, each parcel has been given а project number used Ьу the localland commissions and surveyors. Тhese numbers are written on the cadastral index maps. А real cadastral identification system has been introduced. This is being used as some steps in the process, but these parcel identifications have not been fully implemented yet. One reason for this is that the procedure for parcel identification management has not been estaьlished so far. Тhе relation between the central level and the regional level has not been fully organised either, so not all needed information is availaьle for surveyors, who in return keep their own data. 35

5 Cadastral are Х,У Х,У (*) Code of cadastral area (unique in the RepuЬiic) Cadastral Ьlock Х,У... Х,У (*) Code of Ьlock ---7 (unique in the area) The fonnation of the cadastral address: KODAS BLOКAS ZNR ~ Land register Parcel Х,У... Х,У (*) Number of the parcels in the Ьlock (unique in the Ьlock) (*)- Х,У the co-ordinates of united co-ordinate system Fig 1. The formation of parcel identification system Тhе identifier of parcel is the integration element of state land cadastre and it includes geoinformational and register information [1]. 4. Organisational proьiems of state land cadastre Тhе Ьiggest proьlem is that for а long time no attention was paid to the graphical part ( cadastral GIS database ). Тhе situation was conditioned Ьу the absence of а definite cadastral system, on the other hand, Ьу the shortage of necessary specialists and technological resources. Тhе creation of US covers not only data process. lts significant part also consists of graphical database and digital mapping system. Тhе graphical data process has just been started. Execution of these works is expensive as they demand higbly qualified measurements and hardware as well as an appropriate education of specialists. According to the agreements with Sweden and Norway, some measuring instruments are received (total stations, field computers and some other service equipment) as well as hardware (computers, plotters, digitizers) and software (ARC/INFO, AutoКa, GEMINI, FISAК); some specialists are trained and measurements are being done in rural and urban areas. At the first stage these works will Ье carried out centralized, and in future, having obtained enough equipment and having trained the specialists, part of these operations will Ье transformed over to the district units and towns. Тhе absence of unified methodological and graphical material complicate the process of the graphical data. The most important proьlem is the joining of digital and graphical material and digital mapping. 36

6 Plaпs of parcels did поt have IDs (accordiпg to the old system), therefore по informatioп on parcels IDs сап Ье found wheп completing the parcels GIS DB. То link state laпd cadastre (SLC) and state land register (SLR), it is пecessary to review all the existiпg information апd to estaьiish the link in an interactive mode. So, the procedure of parcel identification management has not been estaьlished yet. Тhе geoelement of SLR, central co-ordinates of parcels, cannot Ье used for establisblпg а clear link with SLC. Due to methodological faults, insufficieпcy of organizational means and parcel control, central co-ordinates of parcels often would поt fall within the area of parcel. Central coordiпates of parcels were stored in SLR in the co-ordinate system of 1942, while SLR is being developed iп the co-ordinate system of LКS94. In additioп, transformatioп of cadastral data into the co-ordiпate system of LКS94 is поt complete. Often the cadastral data is stored iп local co-ordiпate system. ProЬlems exist that up till now there is no опе responsiьle for the mainteпaпce of the georeference DB (in а digital and aпalogous form). Тherefore, very ofteп surveyors do not use the latest georeference data (topograpblc maps) for cadastral surveying. Besides, this information is not updated or stored anywhere, except Ьу the surveyor blmself. For the measurements of field works, old geodetic equipmeпt is used. Most of tbls equipment has supplied data wblch does not fit for computerized processing for which the preparatioп of computerized treatment is difficult апd made the computerized data treatment techпology not effective. There is serious а shortage not only of modern technical equipment, but also of good, qualified specialists to work with computers, which must work Ьу themselves [3, 4, 5]. References 1. Кarin Haldrup. EstaЬlishment of а Geographic lnformation System for Land Consolidation and Land Management Lithuania. Vilnius. Lietuva Masdar intematioпal consultants in association with IТС. Technical assistance to implementation of а land information system Lithuania. Netherlands and Ordnance Survey. UК. Vilnius. Lietuva Р. Aleknavicius. Zemёs registravimo ir kadastrinё sistema Lietuvoje. Vilnius. Lietuva Intemational Federatioп of Surveyors. Statemeпt on the cadastre R. Кaulakys. Кadastrq ir registrq iпtegravimas geoinformaciniq sistemч priпcipais. Vilnius. Lietuva Received

7 ZEMES КADASTRO ELEMENTAI LIETUVOJE Е. Petrulyte Santrauka Siame straipsnyje pateikiamas trumpas zemes kadastro sistemos apra8ymas, pagrindiniai sios sistemos kiirimo tikslai bei duomenq grupёs. Zemes kadastro sistemos pagrindiniai tikslai: -formuoti zemes sklypus ir paienklinti juos vietoveje, -rinkti duomenis, reikalingus mokesciams uz zemcr apskaiciuoti, -rinkti duomenis, reikalingus zemes nuosavybei atstatyti,. -ruosti zemes kadastro zemelapius. Pateikiamas sцra8as ivairiq zemёlapiq bei planq, kшie yra naudojami zemёs kadastro darbams. Tai - dirvozemio zemёlapiai, melioruotos zemёs planai, zemёs derlingum1! rodantys zemёlapiai, zemelapiai, kuriuose nurodomi zemes naudojimo iikiniai apribojimai bei zemёlapiai, kuriuose nшodoma zemёs naudojimo paskirtis. Taip pat duoti zemelapiq masteliai, informacijos juose poblidis bei paskirtis. Straipsnyje nagrinejama kadastrinё identifikavimo sistema, jos privalumai bei triikumai, pateikiama kadastrinёs identifikavimo sistemos formavimo struktfirine schema. Zemes sklypo identifikatorius sudarytas is trijq daliq: kadastrinёs vietovёs kodo, Ьloko kodo ir zemёs sklypo numerio tame Ьloke. Taciau siuo metu kadastrinё identifikavimo sistema nera visiskai sutvarkyta ir jdiegta. Straipsnio pabaigoje nurodomi triikumai, pasitaikantys kuriant bei tobulinant zemёs kadastro organizacincr struktiiщ. Eglё Petrulytё, Assistant. Dept of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Saulёtekio al. 11, 2040 Vilnius, Lithuania (tel , fax ). А graduate of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, MSc, Training courses at Royal Institute oftechnology (Sweden), Research interests: land cadastre, cartography. 38