Re-engineering engineering the cadastre to support e-governmente

Transcription

1 Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Re-engineering engineering the cadastre to support e-governmente Ian Williamson UN sponsored Third Land Administration Forum, Tehran, 2009

2 My University and the City of Melbourne Spatial systems to support CRICOS: sustainable 00116K development

3 Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics and my home

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5 But that is not the real world!

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13 The real challenges 120,000 people added to Asian cities each day requiring 20,000 dwellings, 250 kms of roads and six megalitres of potable water daily 12 square kilometres of productive agricultural land lost to ubanisation in Asia daily. Over next decade about USD300 billion in infrastructure required per year in Asia (total aid globally USD75 billion) Global warming (floods, heat waves and cyclones) and rise in sea levels (currently over 0.25 billion people in Asia in areas <10m above MSL) Impact of increased air conditioning (global warming, population, wealth) In Africa 6000 people move into Lagos, Nigeria every day And the list goes on and on. ADB 2006

14 Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics OBJECTIVE OF PRESENTATION Explain how land administration and the core cadastre supports spatial enablement of government and wider society to pursue sustainable development within an e-government environment

15 Sustainable development Economicdimension Environmental dimension Socialdimension Governance dimension

16 While the incorporation of sustainable development objectives into land administration systems (LAS) is accepted, this is very difficult and generally not happening. The focus of LAS is still primarily on security of tenure and simple land trading at a local or provincial level.

17 Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics Take away message from presentation The use and potential of cadastral data as an enabling technology or infrastructure within e-government will outweigh its value to government from supporting security of tenure and simple land trading

18 Key issues Land is changing - modern land markets use complex commodities ie unbundle rights such as water and create instruments like mortgage backed certificates Design cadastres and land administration systems to serve markets and sustainable development, not the other way around Recognise the importance of land information as part of e-government

19 Land Management Vision Geo-referenced information from LAS, land registry, cadastre, parcels etc.

20 The needs of national governments for land information an issue not well understood

21 The needs of national governments Banks and insurance companies are national organisations (and are nationally regulated) Most complex commodities are national (water, carbon, biota, timber, mortgage backed certificates etc) National governments require real time aggregated information on land transactions, mortgages, planning applications, business licenses etc Yet land administration is often managed or coordinated at a state or provincial responsibility Land records will become national assets with national coordination

22 But this is just one reason why national governments want large scale parcel/property information. They also require this information for tax, fraud, security, emergency, environmental, health and many other activities.

23 A key problem Land administration silos at a provincial level

24 Land Administration information silos Land titles and land registries Properties Street address Land valuation Land tax Planning and land use Land development Digital cadastral map and these are often separated from state or national mapping or geographic information agencies The silo approach makes land administration very difficult if not impossible at a provincial level (local government, city and provincial) without even considering national needs

25 A holistic approach A holistic approach is to integrate cadastre, land administration and SDI The cadastre is the core of large scale SDIs

26 The cadastral concept The traditional view of the cadastre and LA (buying, selling, leasing and mortgaging interests in land). The new approach makes the cadastre central to information management locally and nationally.

27 Modern cadastres Cadastre as an infrastructure for land management Key is cadastral processes Complete includes all private, communal, common, provincial and federal property Includes a unique identifier as well as a street address (the Crown jewel ) Publicly available via Internet Most cadastres are graphical but moving to survey accurate over time

28 Land administration and ICT New land administration with the cadastre as the central component takes advantage of ICT advances since Manual Systems Hardcopy Maps and Indexes Computerization DCDB and Indexes Online Land Administration Web enablement eland Administration Interoperability iland Spatially Enabled Government and Private Sector

29 A key challenge is the integration of Built (cadastral) and Natural (topographic) Environmental Datasets Sustainable Development Built Dataset Natural Dataset

30 iland vision as part of e-government

31 The potential of spatially enabled government

32 KEY ISSUES WITH SEG What is Spatially enabled government (SEG)? The role of property in SEG Key strategies to achieve SEG

33 Organisation of information Alpha names, categories Numeric tax files, medicare, Dewey library system, cadastral and parcel/property identifiers Geocodes where the Crown Jewel is a high integrity geocoded national address file (GNAF) based on the cadastre

34 Spatially enabled government Most current spatial information (and cadastral) activities are concerned with organising spatial information and building the infrastructure SEG uses the spatial information infrastructure or platform to organise other information

35 Rosie Fleming - Ngapa Jukurrpa We all think spatially Spatial concepts map directly on to the brain s cortex as topologically correct mappings. Hunter-gatherer societies use topologically correct mappings to communicate spatial information. Australian Aboriginal Water Dreaming. The rain (ngapa) story The straight lines represent the ngawarra (flood waters) running through the landscape. The small bar shapes signify mangkurdu (clouds). The small circles are mulju (water soakages).

36 . Modern societies use the same techniques. TOPOLOGICALLY CORRECT DIAGRAMS ARE EASILY UNDERSTOOD BY HUMANS

37 The earliest map? 6200 BC Ankara, Turkey excavation of Çatalhöyük site in Anatolia Urbanisation and the start of civil society required spatial information which was less relative and more geographic ; less symbolic and more quantitative.

38 Who owns what, where is it and how much tax should they pay? Topologically correct depictions were inadequate for the purposes of government. Consistent scale and consistent orientation appeared about 8,500 years ago to meet the needs of government

39 Mesopotamian City Plan, Nippur 1500 B.C., showing part of the defensive city wall and planned repairs. This shows internal property boundaries precisely, and to scale (in units of twelve cubits six meters). There is emphasis on public structures such as temples, canals, store houses and a park. (Clay tablet 18 x 21 cm) Property ownership, taxation, defence and facilities management are the main purposes of these artefacts the universal businesses of all governments.

40 These slides from history give an insight into what we mean by spatially enabled government and its importance

41 Today we use computers, not rocks. But the message is the same.

42 e-land administration Many countries now have eland Administration initiatives as part of e- government In the Asia and the Pacific region there are many excellent examples such as Singapore, Korea, Australia and New Zealand with many other countries introducing initiatives

43 While these initiatives are very significant and have been developed over decades, they are now not the main game. The main game is to use concept of location or place derived from the cadastre to re-organise government activities

44 But who understands place? Less than 1% of people are specialists Less than 5% understand the technology 95% do not understand the technology

45 Google Maps gives a small insight to spatially enabling government for example Australia

46 The key to SEG is the property base - or for the initiated - the cadastre The property base connects people to land The cadastre gives us a high integrity geocoded national address file (GNAF)

47 Examples of SEG National reserve banks tracking all land transactions and mortgages linked to land use, owner status (ie first home buyer), type of creditor/debtor, building types, occupation by elderly and land values Automatic property verification based on geocoded national address file (ie local government, taxation, health services, border security, agriculture security etc)

48 If the USA had systems like this available to its Federal Reserve Bank, could the subprime mortgage crisis have been moderated or even averted?

49 United States of America National Academy of Sciences National Land Parcel Data A Vision for the Future silos into one national land parcel data base complete national land parcel data is necessary, timely, technically feasible, and affordable. Federal Land Parcel Coordinator, National Land Parcel Coordinator

50 Key strategies for SEG Geocode information and use place or location as key organiser Use holistic cadastral data models to integrate data silos and allow spatial enablement of society and government Use complete and up-to-date (real time) cadastral maps of legal parcels, properties and legal land objects Aggregate and integrate land information in real time nationally

51 CONCLUSION Modern cadastres are the key to spatial enablement of government and sustainable development through e-government Land information will become more important to support spatial enablement than simple land trading Land information will become a national asset coordinated nationally

52 Thank you