Część III. Autoreferat (wersja anglojęzyczna).

Transcription

1 Część III Autoreferat (wersja anglojęzyczna).

2 Autoreferat III.1. Curriculum vitae. I was born on May 29, 1970, in Zagórze, the present district of Sosnowiec. In the years I attended in the VII high school in Szczecin to a mathematicalphysical profiled class. I completed the graduation examinations in 1989 and in the same year I began my studies in Architecture and Urban Planning at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Szczecin University of Technology. During the second year of studies, my architectural interest began to form, which concerned the theory of contemporary architecture and preservation of monuments. This resulted in my natural rapprochement with professors Stanisław Latour and Adam M. Szymski, with the consent of whose I attended a course of the History of Modern Architecture and Preservation of Monuments a year earlier. From that moment my career began to develop, which allowed me to perceive myself as a person seeking to combine the theoretical and practical interests connected with the development and preservation of architecture of the period of the midnineteenth century to modern times, as I believe I express in scientific, didactic and architectural work. The period of my studies occurred in the first half of the '90s. It was a time of political transformation in Poland, which was associated with the opening of borders and freedom of travel. Thanks to this opportunity, I started my first study trips around Europe, aimed at getting acquainted with European architecture. Particularly important to me was Berlin, where I found prototype of solutions known to me from Szczecin. At that time, I discovered the richness of Berlin's modernist architecture, especially the works of Bruno Taut, Hans Scharoun and other architects working in the interwar period and after the Second World War. The architecture and art of the modern period, derived from functional but also close to human and universal solutions, has become the main inspiration for my own architectural exploration. Being a student of the fourth year, I received from Professor Stanisław Latour an offer for an assistant internship. During this time I assisted the Professor in conducting the class of Preservation of Monuments and the History of Modern Architecture. This started my direct contact with Professor and the opportunity to get to know his convictions. During my studies I participated with my colleague Krzysztof Kalert in the first architectural competitions. On the fourth year of studies in 1993 we received an award in the open, nationwide SARP competition for the development of the city center of Nowogard. We also participated in other competitions organized by SARP, among others in 1995 we worked on the competition for the ideal housing environment, which was organized under the NARA/ TOTO World Architecture Treinnale in Japan. Thanks to earlier work we also received as 3/2

3 a group of students an invitation to participate in the open air studio organized in 1994 by the Szczecin's department of SARP, which concerned the development of the area near to K. Kolumba Street in Szczecin. After completing the third year of studies, I started working in design office Arco Szczecin sp. z o.o. and then in Dedeco sp. z o.o. It was my first contact with professional architectural studios where I was an assistant. In the years I was a listener student of the Postgraduate Philosophy Study at the University of Szczecin. In addition to general philosophical knowledge, my humanistic interests were focused at that time on issues related to postmodern philosophy and its influence on contemporary architecture. My diploma thesis project of multifunctional commercial building on B. Krzywoustego Street in Szczecin was jointly executed by Krzysztof Kalert and its promoter was Professor Stanisław Latour. For this project I have received an honourable mention in the competition for the best graduation project concerning the city of Szczecin, which was organized by the President of Szczecin. In addition, the project has been qualified for the SARP final of the nationwide competition for the best diploma of the year. After graduation at the turn of years 1994 and 1995, I started working in the architectural studio Urbicon sp. z o.o., which was run by architects Barbara and Zbigniew Paszkowski. In almost three years of working as an architectural assistant, I worked on conceptual and executive design, and also on architectural competitions. In parallel with work in the design office for two years I worked as builder in Szczecin's construction companies, which allowed me to get to know the building side of realization process. In 1996 I joined the Szczecin Department of Association of Polish Architects. In June 1997, after passing the examination, I obtained the permission from the Szczecin Governor the right to architectural design without restriction number 16/97. In September 1997, I started architectural office Atelier Krzysztof Bizio, and since 1998 together with architect Adam Ligierko I have co-founded the design studio Atelier Bizio + Ligierko. In this studio until its dissolution in 2013, I was the principal designer. In October 1998, I began to work as an assistant in the Department of History, Theory and Preservation of Monuments in the Institute of Architecture and Spatial Planning at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture at the Szczecin University of Technology, headed by Professor Stanisław Latour, and after the professor's retirement, the duties of the headmaster were taken by dr hab. eng. Arch. Zbigniew Paszkowski. In ZHTIKZ I participated in the 3/3

4 didactic process related to the teaching preservation of monuments, history, and the theory of architecture. In the years 1999/2000 I studied at the Postgraduate Study of Monuments Preservation, which was conducted at the Faculty of Architecture at Cracow University of Technology. During these studies I deepened my knowledge of theory and practice of monuments conservation. My final work concerned issues related to the adaptation of the tenement houses of the late nineteenth century to public functions. At the time of its founding in 2000, I joined the Chamber of Architects of the Republic of Poland. PhD degree I obtained at the Faculty of Architecture at Cracow University of Technology on 25 June 2003 on the basis of a dissertation Revaluation of multi-family housing development from the second half of the 19th century (based on selected examples). The promoter of the work was dr hab. eng. arch. Zbigniew Paszkowski, prof. PS; the reviewers in the doctoral thesis were prof. dr eng. arch. Stanisław Latour; and dr hab. eng. Arch. Zbigniew Białkiewicz, prof. PK. After obtaining PhD degree in October 2003, I was employed as an assistant professor in the Department of History, Theory and Preservation of Monuments at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the Szczecin University of Technology. My research activity at that time was mainly focused on problems related to revitalization and activation of cities. Since 2005 I have been a member of the Northern Poland Space Development Planning Commission, operating at the Gdansk Department of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In years there was an intensification of the design activity of my architectural office Atelier Bizio + Ligierko. During this period, I prepared a number of different public and private investors design projects, which concerned revitalization of buildings and newly designed projects. In 2008, I completed the Feature Film Course at Andrzej Wajda Master School of Film Directing. Currently I am preparing a digital platform presenting accomplishments of modernism in Szczecin and West Pomerania, and one of the elements of the presentation will be film thumbnails of selected objects. In my efforts, for past few years I have been working on activation of the local Szczecin's urban space. The result of my efforts is among others the initiative to create the Little Theater, which is a new stage of the Contemporary Theater in Szczecin, which was located in revitalized by me tenement house from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. As a member of the Artistic Committee of Kontrapunkt Theater Festival I co-organized a series of an openair performances, which were presented in post-industrial areas of Szczecin, and one of the aims of these presentations was an attempt to activate degraded urban areas. 3/4

5 In February 2010, I moved from the Department of History of Architecture Theory and Preservation of Monuments of the Institute of Architecture and Spatial Planning to the Department of Contemporary Architecture, Theory and Methodology of Design at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin (formerly University of Technology), which was headed by prof. dr hab. eng. arch. Adam M. Szymski. My transition was connected to the desire to take classes more closely related to the theory of contemporary architecture, which form the axis of interests and studies of department workers. In co-operation with Professor Adam M. Szymski, I participate in two main groups of teaching, the first of which are courses related to the history of contemporary architecture, and the second covers the architectural design of public buildings. In 2010 at the invitation from Plenipotentiary of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship for the establishment of the Academy of Art - Sywester Ostrowski I participated in preparatory work on the searching for premises for the new Academy of Art in Szczecin. 6 years of my work at the Academy of Art is divided into two areas. The first one concerns the function of the Rector's plenipotentiary in matters concerning revitalization of investments conducted by the university. The second area of my activity is didactic activity at the Faculty of Visual Arts. In 2011 I received the title of construction surveyor (architectural specialty). Based on that, I am a construction surveyor in the architectural specialty of housing and public utilities in the field of commercial, hotel, office and industrial buildings. Therefore, the Chief Inspector of Building Supervision entered me in the Central Register of Construction Appraisers. In conclusion from the perspective of the 27 years, the period that has passed since the beginning of architectural studies, I must emphasize the key role of my interest in the modern culture and architecture which have become the basis of my personal development. My fascination with the latest architecture and ideas of the modernist period began relatively quickly. The consequence of these interests has been an attempt to explore their origins and to work to preserve the architectural heritage. During these years, my research was mainly concerned with issues related to urban activation processes and the theory of contemporary architecture. In my architectural work visible is also the impact of issues related to history and theory of architecture of the last 150 years. The most significant group of projects are revitalization projects in which I tried to combine aspects of architectural researcher and active designer. My teaching specialization has been and still is the history of modern architecture and architectural design, which is located in the urban cultural landscape. III.2. Research work. III.2.1. Study work before obtaining a doctorate degree in technical sciences. My first speech, which took place before I was employed as an assistant, was a paper Reflections on the situation of graduates in architecture 1, which I delivered in 1995 at the Symposium Tempus CAPS 4647 entitled Development of curriculum for the education of 1 Bizio K., Reflections on the situation of graduates in architecture, in: Symposium Tempus CAPS 4647 typography, Szczecin, Szczecin University of Technology, June 12-14, 1995, p /5

6 architects at the Szczecin University of Technology in the field of market oriented management in construction and land management. Before obtaining doctoral degree, my research work was concentrated mainly on the issues of revitalization of historical buildings in the context of cultural and civilization transformations of the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. In the diploma thesis Adaptation of the ground floors of Szczecin's 19th century tenement houses for commercial purposes, which I made in 2000 as part of the Postgraduate Study of Preservation of Monuments on Cracow University of Technology, I discussed the issues of residential premises adaptation located on the ground floor for public purposes, with particular emphasis on examples in Szczecin, which I compared with other solutions. This work was intended to study the phenomenon of adaptation of one-storied dwellings to shopping points in Szczecin in the 1980s and 1990s. This phenomenon has slowed down in the 21st century, mainly due to the appearance of large-scale stores that have changed the direction of trade development and consequently influenced the possibilities of local revitalization. On November 2000 took place a scientific conference, organized by the Szczecin University of Technology Directions of transformation of Polish cities on the threshold of accession to the European Union, which Chairman of the Organizing Committee was dr hab. eng. arch. Zbigniew Paszkowski, professor of Szczecin University of Technology, and I was the Secretary of the Organization. The conference discussed issues of opportunities and threats to the development of cities, which were related to Poland's accession to the European Union, including among others directions for future economic development and its links with spatial development, protection of the urban environment based on the principles of sustainable development of the city, Transport, revitalization of existing urban structures, and ownership policy and urban management methods. In the years 2001 to 2003 I was a member of a research team dealing with the problem of transforming urban spaces in European cities. These studies were funded by the Scientific Research Committee, and their head was dr hab. eng. arch. Zbigniew Paszkowski, professor of Szczecin University of Technology. As part of the team, I explored and worked on issues related to the revitalization of housing developments and changes in the ways of creating public spaces at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. III.2.2. Doctoral thesis. I received a PhD degree at the Faculty of Architecture at Cracow University of Technology on 25 June 2003 on the basis of a dissertation Revaluation of multi-family housing development from the second half of the 19th century (based on selected examples). The promoter of the work was dr hab. eng. arch. Zbigniew Paszkowski, professor of Szczecin University of Technology; and the reviewers in the doctoral thesis were prof. dr eng. arch. Stanisław Latour, and dr hab. Eng. Zbigniew Białkiewicz, professor of Cracow University of Technology. The year 2003 was a moment of Poland's accession to the European Union, which in my opinion gave a chance for a new quality of revitalization work. The ambition of the work was 3/6

7 an attempt to analyze a wide range of issues related to the revitalization of architecture, which I covered in five parts. The first part of my work was devoted to legal, economic and social issues. In my work, I analyzed the existing legislation in force in Poland concerning preservation of historical monuments. In addition, following the solutions from other European countries (Germany, France), I studied aspects that I believe should include the revitalization law that was being prepared. I have been analyzing various economic models occurring in Europe, focusing more on public-private solutions, which I considered at the time to be optimal for Polish conditions. In addition, I explored the impact of revitalization on local communities, participation and complicity of local communities of residents and investors, which in the long run seemed to me to be fundamental. The second part of the paper was devoted to the analysis of the modernization and adaptation of selected fragments of buildings. I discussed in detail the selected examples of raising the functional standard of flats, their transformations into public functions, and ways of attic adaptation (in flat and high roof systems) and their influence on architectural form. The third part of the work concerned urban planning interventions, especially the impact of improving the quality of public spaces and introducing new recreational areas on the success of revitalization processes on a global scale. The fourth part of the paper discussed selected technical problems of revitalization of residential buildings from the second half of the 19th century. In the fifth part, I made a typological analysis of the formal solutions of the new buildings (infills) which was present in the vicinity of historical buildings. My work constituted a starting point for further activities, including further studies and a theoretical basis for my design work. III.2.3. Main areas of research work after obtaining a doctoral degree. After obtaining a doctorate in technical sciences my research work focused on two basic areas of research: - revitalization of architecture, - theory of contemporary architecture. My research, apart from the monograph that is the subject of this habilitation proposal, I presented in: - one monographic publication, - 32 studies that are part of monographs or science articles. III Revitalization of architecture. My studies on architectural preservation and urban revitalization research are divided into two areas: 3/7

8 - problems of cities activation in the age of globalization, - problems of revitalization of the architectural space of Szczecin and West Pomerania. Problems of cities activation in the age of globalization. Immediately after obtaining a doctoral degree I concentrated on the problems of modern cities revitalization. In particular, I explored the impact of cultural change at the beginning of the 21st century on the crisis and the activation of European cities. The field of my interests became among others: the consequences of social change in the age of globalization and their impact on urban and architectural solutions, the development of creative industries, and the influence of the creation of cultural and art objects on the processes of city activation. In the monograph Culture and art in the process of urban revitalization I focused on the analysis of the influence of changes in ways of presenting culture and their relationship with urban space from the beginning of the nineteenth century to modern times. The result of this analysis has become marked by me process consists of development of the presence of cultural objects in European cities, in particular the increasing share of adapted objects that are located outside the strict downtown, which in my opinion helped to make this phenomenon a revitalization practice instrument. I also analyzed these problems in articles The influence of the evolution of the rules of shaping the space of art presentation for the revitalization of cities 2 and Activities in the cultural space as an attempt to individualize cities in a globalized world. Selected examples and strategies 3. The problems of globalization and the threats of modern urban space typology have been discussed in the articles City marking 4 and Marking out the space of a city 5. Problems of revitalization of the architectural space of Szczecin and West Pomerania. A separate place in my work is devoted to studies concerning the preservation of buildings and the activation of urban space in Szczecin. Due to my design experience and the importance of the 19th century downtown area, I have devoted some of my research efforts to overcome the crisis in Szczecin's tenement district. These actions, in my opinion, must be part of a coherent urban strategy, of which I spoke among others in papers Selected contemporary problems of revitalization of the 19th century center of Szczecin 6 and The future of the 19th century Szczecin city center 7. 2 Bizio K., The influence of the evolution of the rules of shaping the space of art presentation for the revitalization of cities, Space and form, Notebook nr 9, 2007, p Bizio K., Activities in the cultural space as an attempt to individualize cities in a globalized world. Selected examples and strategie, in: Science Notebook of Poznań University of Technology, Notebook 24, red. Zaniewska H. and Kołata, J., Poznań, Publishing House of Poznań University of Technology, 2011, p Bizio K., City marking, Space and form, Notebook nr 1, 2005, p Bizio K., Marking out the space of a city, in: Technical Magazine, Architecture, Z.11-A/2005, 102, Kraków, Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, 2005, p Bizio K., Selected contemporary problems of revitalization of the 19th century center of Szczecin, in: Revitalization - a carrier of identity and development of metropolitan areas, ed. Walczak B.M., Łódź, Library Publishing House and Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning of Lódź University of Technology, 2007, p /8

9 The element that I consider particularly important for the success of transformation processes is the consideration of changes related to the new model of life in the urban centers of European cities. The subject of these analyzes was elaboration Trends in housing development in contemporary cities 8, Problems of revitalization of the 19th century center of Szczecin in the cultural aspect 9 and Urban space - anew. Analysis of selected contemporary revitalization of Szczecin's public spaces 10. Some of the papers were devoted to the transformations of Szczecin's modernist housing estates, created both before and after the end of World War II. Understanding the necessity of transforming the housing environment in my studies, I emphasized the undoubted qualities of the existing solutions and advocated the protection of at least selected urban and architectural aspects. In this sense, in my opinion, my analyzes are part of a broader discussion of the problems of preserving the heritage of modernism. As examples of such research, I can mention: Integration of Szczecin's modernist housing estates 11, and Participation or devastation? Architectural interventions in the Szczecin's modernist housing complexes before III The theory of contemporary architecture. In the case of research on the theory of contemporary architecture I can also distinguish two basic trends: - theory of contemporary architecture, - theory of modern architecture of Szczecin and West Pomerania. Theory of contemporary architecture. In my work on contemporary architecture, I have dealt with a variety of issues discussing theoretical and practical problems arising from the late nineteenth century to the present time. I have tried to make the phenomena analyzed by me appear as elements of broader cultural processes, and the interpretation of the architectural processes should be seen as their integral part. 7 Bizio K., Szczecin searching for the city center, in: The future of the XIXth century Szczecin city center, Szczecin, Print Group Sp. z o.o., 2009, p Bizio K., Trends in housing development in contemporary cities, ed. Zaniewska H., Tokajuk A., Białystok, Faculty of Architecture at Białystok University of Technology, 2006, p Bizio K., Problems of revitalization of the 19th century center of Szczecin in the cultural aspect, Space and form, Notebook nr 2, 2005, p Bizio K., Urban space - anew. Analysis of selected contemporary revitalization of Szczecin's public spaces, Housing Environment, Nr 13/ Bizio K., Integration of Szczecin's modernist housing estates, in: Modernity in architecture. System-structureneighborhood. Vol. 1 Integration, Monograph, ed. Pallado J., Gliwice, Faculty of Architecture at Śląsk University of Technology, 2013, p Bizio K., Participation or devastation? Architectural interventions in the Szczecin's modernist housing complexes before in: Ethics in architectural practice. Designer, space and place, ed. G. Hryncewicz- Lamber G, Lamber M., Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław 2016, ISBN: /9

10 Among the papers discussing the genesis of modernist architecture I can mention: The history of revolution (Zapisana historia rewolucji) 13, discussing the role of architectural manifestations in shaping modernist ideas; Straight line - machine line- architecture line. Remarks on the avant-garde visions of architecture in perspective drawings in the beginnings of modernism 14, discussing the evolution and importance of architectural drawings in shaping the architecture of modernism; Themes of ordinal architecture in the 20th century as a form of the duration and passing away of architectural traditions 15, Discussing the use of elements of ordinal architecture as symbols referring to architectural traditions in various stylistic periods of the twentieth century. A number of my writings concern the problems of the latest architecture, and in particular the analysis of theoretical issues of late modernism, postmodernism and new modernism at the beginning of the 21st century. I dealt with these problems among others in the following papers: Narrative structure in contemporary architecture. Selected aspects. 16, discussing changes in semantics of the latest architectural forms; Pop culture as an inspiration in the modern architecture. Chosen issues. (Popkultura jako inspiracja w architekturze współczesnej. Wybrane zagadnienia) 17, discussing the influences of mass popular culture on the architecture of postmodernism and other streams of the twentieth century; New structure. Evolution of Dutch structuralism 18, discussing the development of Dutch structuralist architecture from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century, and Technology as a phantasmat in the architecture of neomodernism 19, referring to the problem of technology and its importance in architecture inspired by modernism at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Among my scientific achievements I can also indicate elaborations concerning the relationships of modern architecture with other art, such as: Architectural motifs in postmodern furniture projects created by architects in the 1980s on the background of the general architectural and design relationships 20, discussing the work of postmodern 13 Bizio K., The history of revolution (Zapisana historia rewolucji) in: Technical magazine, Architecture, Notebook 9-A (15), Kraków, Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, 2015, p Bizio K., Straight line - machine line- architecture line. Remarks on the avant-garde visions of architecture in perspective drawings in the beginnings of modernism., in: Monograph 441, Architecture Series, Definiowanie przestrzeni architektonicznej. Zapis przestrzeni architektonicznej. Tom 2, red. Misiągiewicz M., Kozłowski D., Kraków, Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, 2013, p Bizio K., Themes of ordinal architecture in the 20th century as a form of the duration and passing away of architectural traditions, in: Technical magazine, Architecture, 4-A/2011/2, Notebook 14, Year 108, Kraków, Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, 2011, p Bizio K., Narrative structure in contemporary architecture. Selected aspects, in: Technical magazine, Architecture, 7-A/2010/2, Notebook 15, Year 107, Kraków, Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, 2010, p Bizio K., Pop culture as an inspiration in the modern architecture. Chosen issues. (Popkultura jako inspiracja w architekturze współczesnej. Wybrane zagadnienia), Architectus, nr 2(28)/2010, p Bizio K., New structure. Evolution of Dutch structuralism, Space and form, Notebook nr 14, 2010, p Bizio K., Technology as a phantasmat in the architecture of neomodernism, w: Integration of art and technology in architecture and urban planning. Vol. II., Bydgoszcz, Academic Publishing House of the University of Technology and Natural Sciences in Bydgoszcz, 2014, p Bizio K., Architectural motifs in postmodern furniture projects created by architects in the 1980s on the background of the general architectural and design relationships, Space and form, Notebook nr 15, 2011, p /10

11 architects in the context of their work in the field of utility models; and Picture of multifamily residential architecture in Polish feature film after Major creative periods 21, Which was an attempt to compiling successive phases of the development of Polish architecture and Polish cinematography, and to analyze the architectural space from the perspective of its symbolic meaning for the film. An attempt to analyze public land solutions in the urban composition of the past 150 years were articles: Origin and forms of recreational areas in urban composition of modernist housing complexes. Part 1 - European Modernism to World War II 22 and Origin and forms of recreational areas in urban composition of modernist housing complexes. Part 2 Modernism after the Second World War and streams contradict it 23. Theory of modern architecture of Szczecin and Western Pomerania. Among my publications about the architecture created in West Pomerania before 1945, in the foreground stand out publications on local solutions of German modernism. As examples of these studies I can mention: Shaping and evolution of the spatial structure of Szczecin terraced housing from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries 24, discussing the solutions of terraced houses from the 1970s to the 1930s of the twentieth century; Detail as a form of expression in Szczecin's interwar architecture 25, discussing the stream of expression in the interwar architecture of Szczecin; Influence of construction technologies on the spatial shape of the cooperative architecture of the interwar period in Szczecin 26, referring to technological solutions in cooperative interwar architecture of Szczecin; and Brick façade details in the interwar multi-family residential architecture in Szczecin 27, Discussing the role of the architectural detail and its significance for the particular aesthetic directions of the inter-war period. In my studies of Polish urban and architectural creation after 1945, I analyzed mainly the relationships of new architecture with the existing historical spatial context. I dealt with such problems in the article Architecture and urban planning of downtown Szczecin in the years Analysis of the genesis and attempt to assess the presence in the city today on the 21 Bizio K., Picture of multifamily residential architecture in Polish feature film after Major creative periods, Space and form, Notebook nr 3, 2006, p Bizio K., Origin and forms of recreational areas in urban composition of modernist housing complexes. Part 1 - European Modernism to World War II, Housing Environment, Nr 17/2017, p Bizio K., Origin and forms of recreational areas in urban composition of modernist housing complexes. Part 2 Modernism after the Second World War and streams contradict it, Housing Environment, 17/2017, p Bizio K., Shaping and evolution of the spatial structure of Szczecin terraced housing from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, in: Modernity in architecture. System - structure - neighborhood. Vol. 2 structure, ed. Balcer-Zgraja M., Faculty of Architecture at Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 2014, p Bizio K., Detail as a form of expression in Szczecin's interwar architecture, in: Technical Magazine, Architecture, 5-A/2/2012, Notebook 15, Year 109, Cracow, Publishing House of Cracow University of Technology, 2012, p Bizio K., Influence of construction technologies on the spatial shape of the cooperative architecture of the interwar period in Szczecin, Bydgoszcz, Academic Publishing House of the University of Technology and Natural Sciences in Bydgoszcz, 2014, p Bizio K., Brick façade details in the interwar multi-family residential architecture in Szczecin, Space and form, Notebook nr 16, 2011, p /11

12 basis of selected examples 28, where I discussed the relations of architecture created in the first three decades of the Polish People's Republic with regard to the historical development of the city center, and in The House in the City After the City (Dom w mieście po mieście) 29, where I analyzed the ongoing from the mid-1950s attempts of introducing new spatial arrangements into the area of the Old Town. The panorama of local solutions of multifamily residential architecture in historical perspective was presented in the paper: Nature as an inspiration in creating a living environment. Analysis of ideas on examples of Szczecin's housing estates 30. III.3. Main academic achievements. III.3.1. Topic and undertaken research issues. My main academic achievement is monograph under the title: From a tenement house to a cooperative housing estate. Evolution of ideas in Szczecin's multi-family housing architecture from the mid-nineteenth century to World War II" 31. The reviewers of the work were: dr hab. eng. arch. Teresa Bardzińska-Bonenberg, professor of Poznan University of Art; late. prof. dr eng. Romana Cielczkowska and prof. dr hab. eng. Kazimierz Kuśnierz. The subject of the study is an analysis of the development of multi-family residential architecture from the mid-nineteenth century to the Second World War, which I conducted with reference to the Szczecin's architecture, combining it with the main trends in the development of German urbanism and architecture, and more broadly with European trends. The subject of the work defined the necessary scope of conducted research and focused on the juxtaposition of what is local - Szczecin, with what is universal. This allowed me, in my opinion, to create a broader model describing the general framework for the evolution of the housing environment, which ran from the mid-nineteenth century to the Second World War. Taking up such a research theme required the development of original research material relating to the architecture of Szczecin and the collection of comparative material relating to the German architecture and its European inspiration. The part concerning Szczecin architecture was compiled on the basis of the documents contained in the Building Supervision Act of the State Archives in Szczecin, and carried out inventories. I presented it in the form of selected fragments of the original design documentation (Appendix 2) and architectural and urban design cards (Appendix 3). The section on German architecture and its European inspiration was developed on the basis of the selection and analysis of 28 Bizio K., Architecture and urban planning of downtown Szczecin in the years Analysis of the genesis and attempt to assess the presence in the city today on the basis of selected examples. Article accepted for printing. Planned printing: A publishing series of the Polish Institute of World Art Studies. 29 Bizio K., The House in the City After the City (Dom w mieście po mieście), w: Monograph 532, A House in the City. Properties of an Architectural Thing,Vol.4/ Monografia 532, Dom w mieście. Właściwości rzeczy architektonicznej. Tom 4, Cracow, Cracow University of Technology Publishing House, 2016, p Bizio K., Nature as an inspiration in creating a living environment. Analysis of ideas on examples of Szczecin's housing estates, Środowisko Mieszkaniowe / Housing Environment, Nr 11/2013, p Bizio K., From a tenement house to a cooperative housing estate. Evolution of ideas in Szczecin's multi-family housing architecture from the mid-nineteenth century to World War II, Szczecin, University Publishing House of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 2016, ISBN /12

13 representative examples of solutions, taken mainly from the period of their publication (Appendix 1). For the description of the local research perspective, in the introductory part, in a synthetic way, I discussed the development of Szczecin's urban planning and architecture from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century (subsection 1.3), and I described the main development phenomena occurring in the city at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (subsection 1.4.). The changing solutions in the design of multi-family residential architecture, which was present in the area of the research for almost 90 years, were divided into 7 basic stylistic periods, which I linked with the tendencies occurring in German and European architectural and urban planning, and with detailed historical processes taking place in Szczecin (chapter 2). In the area of urban solutions (Chapter 3), I analyzed further compositional solutions. I have discussed the evolution of quarterly and freestanding developments, the evolution of a selfcontained housing and service complex, and the importance of recreational areas. In the analysis of architectural solutions (Chapter 4) I focused on the study of functional systems of buildings and flats, and characteristic stylistic solutions. In a synthetic form, I also discussed the evolution of the ways of zoning the living space, the ideas of multi-functionality of the rooms, striving for the development of optimal spatial solutions within the minimum usable areas, as well as the rules of designing rooms for preparing and consuming meals and hygienic and sanitary rooms. Due to the wider context of research (Chapter 5) the analyzed examples of urban solutions and architectural context I confronted with local environmental and socio-economic conditions (politics, administration, economy, population). Taking into account the utilitarian nature of the implementation of the most common residential architecture (Chapter 6), I discussed the impact of applied building technologies on spatial solutions. The result of the research became a summary (Chapter 7), in which I discussed the characteristic features for each period of urban and architectural solutions, and outlined the diagnosis of their contemporary state (subchapter 7.4). III.3.2. Obtained research results and innovative elements. For the obtained innovative results, in my opinion, I consider: a) Collection and development of source materials concerning Szczecin multi-family residential architecture from the mid-nineteenth century to the Second World War and their integration with the development of German and European architectural thinking; b) Critical discussion of the solutions of the Szczecin multi-family housing architecture of the second half of the nineteenth century, of protomodernism, of modernism, of the 3/13

14 Third Reich, and consequently demonstrating the evolutionary character of the development of architectural thought. a) Source material. In the literature of the subject there are currently three main items referring indirectly to the subject of research: monograph by Bogdana Kozińska Spatial development of Szczecin from the beginning of the 19th century to the Second World War 32, discussing the urban development of Szczecin; monograph by Rafał Makała Between the province and the metropolis. Szczecin's architecture in the years , discussing the broad perspective of the development of Szczecin's architecture in the years , and the monograph by Robert Dawidowki, Robert Długopolski and Adam Maria Szymski Modernist architecture of in the area of Western Pomerania 34, which among others cataloged the achievements of interwar modernism. In these studies, the authors focused on selected fragments of urban and architectural phenomena, treating residential architecture as a background only to illustrate broader processes. In this context, the monograph I developed in the scope of selected research area has a crosssectional nature which has not been explored so far. The research and source materials presented in Annex 3, in a way that is independent of my interpretation, may be the subject to further research. As important I also consider the cross-sectional overview of the distinctive architectural solutions of housing developed in Germany and in Europe from the midnineteenth century to the Second World War (Annex 1). Similar statements refer to the most frequently selected historical periods or cities. It is also worth noting that the published fragments of the original design documentation contained in the Building Enforcement Act, which I included in Annex 2, were in major part published for the first time. b) Critical discussion of solutions of Szczecin's multi-family residential architecture from the second half of the 19th century to World War II and the demonstration of evolutionary model of their changes. The research allowed me to distinguish seven stages of architectural development and urban planning of Szczecin housing complexes. These stages, taking into account local differences, in the general outline, can also refer to the phenomena that occurred in other European cities from the mid-nineteenth century to the Second World War. Tenement houses period (stage I, stage II, stage III). Rental architecture was perceived, especially by the condemnation of modernistic avant-garde, as a homogeneous form of architectural expression. In my work, I suppose, I denied this opinion and showed diversity, and its temporal variability. For the purposes of the analysis, I have distinguished three stages of development on the example of Szczecin, which are reflected in both detailed urban and architectural solutions. After the founding of the tenement 32 Kozińska B., Spatial development of Szczecin from the beginning of the 19th century to the Second World War, Szczecin, Association of Art Historians, 2002; ISBN Makała R, Between the province and the metropolis. Szczecin's architecture in the years , Szczecin, National Museum in Szczecin, 2011, ISBN Dawidowski R., Długopolski R., Szymski A.M., Modernist architecture of in the area of Western Pomerania, Szczecin, Walknowska Publishing House, 2001, ISBN /14

15 assumptions (stage I) in the 1950s and 1960s, came the period of their popularization, extinction and typification of solutions (stage II), which in Szczecin was mainly in the '80s and '90s of the nineteenth century. The emergence of this architecture was unfortunately associated with a variety of pathologies, mainly due to its intensification. In this context, worth emphasizing is an attempt to reform (step III), which in Szczecin has taken place in the early years of the twentieth century. Protomodernism period (stage IV). It was particularly important for me, and even constituting, for the whole of contemporary residential architecture, to consider the period immediately preceding the outbreak of World War I, which I defined in my work as protomodernism (stage 4). The urbanism and architecture of this period followed two, in a sense, independent development paths. Urban planning and quarter architecture have been developing, which can be interpreted as a continuation of historical solutions. Simultaneously, however, in the same years, the first solutions to the assumptions made of freestanding buildings have emerged, which in the near future have become one of the main development axes of modernist residential architecture. Period of interwar modernism and architecture of the Third Reich (stage V, stage VI, stage VII). There were three stylistic stages in the urban planning and residential architecture of Szczecin during the interwar period. In the 1920s (stage V), with the crystallization and popularization of modernist ideas, man could observe Neue Bauen's realizations, characterized by restraint in both urban and architectural solutions. This stage was also the time of the maximum activity of housing associations and co-operatives. The turn of the 1920s and '30s was a stage of radicalization (stage VI) and a clear impact of functionalism and international style. Hitler's rise to power was a turning point in Germany's entire culture, art and architecture. However, in Szczecin's solutions (stage VII), was visible a significant continuation of previous experiences, and the changes, although they rejected the international style, have been returning, despite the Nazi propaganda, to some of the ideas of early modernism and the formal and functional solutions of the early 1920s. As the essence and summary of the research I recognize in my opinion the demonstration of the evolutionary character of changes in multi-family residential architecture dating from the mid-nineteenth century of the modern city's birth to the pragmatic solutions of modernism in the interwar period. Although undisputed is the existence of turning points, which redefined the current views of contemporary creators, but at such moments readable were elements of the continuation of architectural ideas and practices derived from the experience of the predecessors. III.3.3. Issues taken in elaboration in the context of contemporary housing development problems. This research work is of a historic nature, including research on the development of multifamily residential architecture over a period of more than ninety years. During this period appeared, disappeared, but there were also creatively pursued many currents, which are also 3/15

16 indirectly present in contemporary urban planning and architecture. The idea of modernism crystallized in the interwar period was the starting point for changes in the face of European cities after World War II. The crisis of modernism and the emergence of postmodern architecture influenced the renewed interest in ideas from the beginning of the twentieth century. In this sense, included in my work reflection on the optimal shape of the architecture of housing environment, which took place with particular intensity at the beginning of the twentieth century and the interwar period, can be indirectly referred to today's architectural discourse. The starting point for the development of the architecture of the second half of the nineteenth century was the idea of a quarter-building, a creative continuation of traditional European urbanism. This idea abandoned by radical modernists has been restored in the modern architecture and with the popularization of postmodernism new variants of realization. As an example of initiating these changes, mention may be used in the '70s and '80s in. within Internationale Bauausstellung Berlin the rule of critical reconstruction. The ideas started in that time were one of the foundations of changes in the attitudes of architects towards the housing architecture of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which has been systematically destroyed for many decades, and especially since the 1980s it has become an inspiration for creating new urban solutions. One of the consequences of the postmodern breakthrough has been the uprising of New urbanism. In the most famous examples of implementation propagated among others By Leon Krier, clear are the references to the traditional principles of urban composition. In this context, in the contemporary conception of concentrated cities, there are still living historical ideas of quarters, especially the solutions promoted by the late nineteenth and early twentieth century creators. Opposite to the idea of compact city remains the idea of an extensive city, which is based on the desire to provide optimum conditions for access to open space, light and green. In the 21st century, with the deviation from postmodernism, and especially the abandonment of fascination with historicism, there was also a rehabilitation of some of the dogmas of modernism. The ideas of new modernism relate not so much to downtown urbanism, where the separation from modernist total urbanism is rather widespread, concentrating on new areas of urbanization. Despite the lack of an important modernist social context, in contemporary realizations of new modernism, one can see even direct quotations of solutions from the interwar period. Trying to summarize the influence of historical experiences from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, I would like to emphasize once again the importance of the idea of early modernism - which I have defined as the term of protomodernism. It was precisely before the outbreak of World War I that the German and European residential architecture faced the question of appropriation of continuation of the reformed quarterly development (Gessner, Messel) or to create alternatives in the form of independent settlements (Riemerschmid, Tessenow, Muthesius, and consequently Bruno Taut). After the period of modernism and then after a violent attempt to return to the idea of historical cities, we are standing today - in my opinion, also in the face of similar dilemmas. There is no radicalism in 3/16

17 the present discourse, the social context has changed, and significant technological development has taken place - but the main questions about the paradigms of the future housing environment remain in large part remain convergent with historical dilemmas. III.3.4. Practical possibilities of using research results. The presented work is theoretical, describing the evolutionary model of the transformation of the housing environment. In this context foreseeable is further development of the research themes. They may concern both studies on the architecture of Szczecin and Western Pomerania (including, for example, practically unsolved topic of influence of the Szczecin architecture of the examined period on smaller, neighboring cities such as Stargard, Goleniów, Gryfino and others), as well as confronting them with more geographically and culturally distant centers. Among the practical possibilities of using the work, one should also mention an attempt of new perception of their conservation protection, and in particular signing to the Commune Register of Monuments and Register of Monuments of West Pomeranian (Szczecin city). This problem occurs especially in the case of Register of Monuments of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, where there is only one of the analyzed objects, which is a tenement house at Zygmunta Starego 1 Street and T. Starzyński 5 Street (register number: A-808, decision number /18/0/96 dated ). This state, which refers more broadly to the marginal number of entries in the housing architecture of the first three decades of the twentieth century, should be in my opinion changed. This could be affected, among other things, by the results of research that have demonstrated the existence of a much larger number of high level architectural buildings, which are at the same time the quintessence of the characteristics of subsequent epochs. III.4. Didactic activity. III.4.1. Department of History of Architecture and Preservation of Monuments of Szczecin University of Technology (subjects, programs, master theses). In October 1998 I started work at the Department of History of Architecture and Preservation of Monuments at the Institute of Architecture and Spatial Planning at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the Szczecin University of Technology (since 2009 West Pomeranian University of Technology), which was headed by professor dr eng. arch. Stanisław Latour, and then by dr hab. eng. arch. Zbigniew Paszkowski, professor of Szczecin University of Technology. During almost twelve years of work at the Department as an assistant and then as an adjunct I conducted classes and laboratories in two groups of subjects: - preservation of monuments of architecture and urban planning, - theory of architecture. My primary area of teaching was the subject Preservation of architecture and urban planning. Because of my theoretical and design interests, my scientific and didactic specialization has become the revitalization of the nineteenth century architecture, which in later years was also extended to the protection of the heritage of twentieth century modernism. In addition, I have been teaching architecture design embedded in historical cultural contexts. 3/17