Cover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

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Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20136 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

1 Cover Page The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Ivleva, Tatiana Alexandrovna Title: Britons abroad : the mobility of Britons and the circulation of British-made objects in the Roman Empire Issue Date:

2 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without continuous support in practical and moral matters from colleagues, friends and family. First thanks are due to my supervisors, John Bintliff and Bouke van der Meer, for their support and guidance they showed me throughout my thesis writing and provided me great information resources. I owe my deepest gratitude to my examiners Ian Haynes and David Breeze, who provided extremely fruitful comments and gave advises on the improvement of the text. Thanks are due to Luuk de Ligt and Rens Tacoma for their ideas and perspective on Roman migration from the historical point of view. I owe sincere and earnest thankfulness to Miguel-John Versluys for believing in me, sharing his knowledge and lending support and critical thoughts whenever I needed them. At the early stage my project was supported by two scholarships: DELTA (Dutch education: Learning at the top level abroad) from Leiden University and HSP Huygens scholarship program from Nuffic Netherlands organisation for international cooperation in higher education. A travel grant from the society of Ernst Kirsten allowed me to carry out a research trip to Romania, and I especially would like to thank Eckart Olshausen for that. Jacobi fellowship of the Gerda Henkel Foundation from the Commission of Ancient History and Epigraphy, Munich, allowed me to conduct fruitful research in the libraries of the Commission and other institutions in Munich. Other support came from several travel grants from the Faculty of Archaeology of Leiden University. The following people who have provided crucial advice, comment, help, lively interest in my research and lots of smiles, for which I am truly indebted and thankful: Lindsay Allason-Jones, Clive Bridger-Kraus, Julia Chorus, Cheryl Clay, Rob Collins, Laura Crowley, Izabella Donkow, Erik Graafstal, Thomas Grane, Elizabeth Greene, Frances McIntosh, Alexander Meyer, Eva Mol, Ioana Oltean, Martin Pitts, Caroline Pudney, Natascha Sojc, Wouter Vos, Tony Wilmott. Special thanks are to Hella Eckardt, Fraser Hunter and Ellen Swift for sharing their publications and having fruitful discussions over the . I am indebted to Myra Wilkinson-van Hoek and Christopher Dickenson for editing and re-editing my English texts, although all mistakes that still remain within the thesis are solely my own. Special thanks are due to Joep van Rijn and Bouke van der Meer for translating the summary into Dutch. I would like to thank Francis Morris, who provided me with access to his unpublished thesis and generously shared with me his British brooches database. I am obliged to my colleagues who shared with me their information on British brooches found in the Netherlands prior to the publication: Stefanie Hoss, Mark Driessen, Katja Zee and Peter van den Broeke. Special thanks are due to Jasper de Bruin, Laurens Feijst and Stijn Heeren for letting me to have a look at their brooches of the Netherlands database. I thank all my colleagues in the faculty administration, especially Claudia Regoor, Roswitha Manning, Olga Yates and Ilone de Vries for their kindness and never-ending help in faculty matters. A special word of thanks is due to my faculty roommates over the years for being always cheerful and extremely helpful: Marike van Aerde, Luc Amkreutz, Kyryakos Savvopolous, and especially Chiara Piccoli and Dianne van de Zande. Once again I would like to provide my deepest gratitude to two people without whom half of this thesis would not have been possible Jasper de Bruin and Stijn Heeren, and thank them for their patience, limitless help, their expertise knowledge and enthusiasm on the questions related to the Roman Netherlands, frontiers and brooches. 449

3 I would to thank from the bottom of my heart three ladies, who were the greatest inspiration during all these long years: Carol van Driel-Murray, Hanna Stöger and Eef Stoffels. Their drive, enthusiasms, knowledge and friendship helped me to overcome many moral and practical obstacles along the way. I cannot thank them enough for that. Finally, I am indebted to my parents in Russia, Lydia Yashkova and Alexander Ivlev, who have shown nothing but support for my career, which has taken me a long way from home. Мама и папа, без вас эта книга никогда бы не увидела свет. Я посвящаю ее вам с благодарностью за все! Надеюсь это в какой-то мере восполнит мое долгое отсутствие и возместит тяжесть моего решения остаться в Нидерландах. No words can describe my deepest gratitude to my husband Joep van Rijn. I hope he still bears with me since this book is not a finished project. I hope he will continue his never-ending support, understanding and love, when the new project will come along Ik kan dit nooit zonder jou. Bedankt mijn allerliefste! 450

4 List of publications Ivleva, T British military units and the identity of British-born recruits in the Roman army, between the first and third centuries AD, Orbis Terrarum: Internationale Zeitschrift für historische Geographie der alten Welt ( ) 10: Ivleva, T Brooches tell tales: British-made brooches in Germania Inferior and Superior as indicators of the presence of British emigrants. In Huijben, K., van de Liefvoort, S.J.A.G., and van der Weyden, T.J.S.M. (eds), SOJA Bundel 2010, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen. Proceedings of Symposium Onderzoek Jonge Archeologne (Research symposium for young archaeologists) held on 19 th March, Nijmegen, Boxpress: Nijmegen: Ivleva, T British emigrants in the Roman Empire: complexities and symbols of ethnic identities, In Mladenovič, D. and Russel, B. (eds), TRAC 2010: Proceedings of the 20 th Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Oxford Oxbow: Oxford:

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6 Curriculum Vitae Tatiana Alexandrovna Ivleva graduated from the Faculty of History and Archives at the Russian State University of the Humanities in Moscow, Russia, with a major in Historical Archivistics (B.A. hons, June 2004). Her thesis was entitled The evolution of notions of the geographical position of Britain in the Roman tradition, first century BC sixth century AD and was supervised by Dr. Irina E. Ermolova. In September 2004 she arrived at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, to complete a study-abroad programme and later in 2005 joined the faculty to follow a taught Master of Arts programme in Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. She received her MA degree in October 2008 with a thesis on British military units and identity of British-born recruits in the Roman army, first-third centuries AD, supervised by Prof. Dr John Bintliff. She continued her studies as a PhD researcher at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, where she focused her research on the formation of migrant communities in the Roman Empire, in particular the migrants from Roman Britain. During her research years, she has also participated in an International summer seminar in Ancient studies of University of Heidelberg, Germany, and she was a visiting scholar at the Commission of Ancient History and Epigraphy of German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Munich, Germany. At the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, she has also taught courses on Archaeology of Roman Britain and Roman frontiers. Her PhD was supervised by Prof. John Bintliff and Dr Bouke van der Meer, and her thesis was submitted in June Tatiana Ivleva has worked as field archaeologist in several excavations in Russia and UK. She has published on the presence of British emigrants and British-made brooches in various journals and presented papers at many international and interdisciplinary conferences. She has also organised several sessions at International conferences (TRAC and LIMES), and seminars and workshops organised by the Leiden Graduate School. She was a coordinator of the Honours Class organised by the Faculty of Archaeology. Apart from her main research interest in mobility, migration and ethnicity in the Roman Empire, her areas of interest include Roman provincial archaeology, Roman frontiers, personal dress accessories and metal artefacts. 453

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Eleanor Hubbard. Department of History Princeton University 129 Dickinson Hall (617)

Eleanor Hubbard. Department of History Princeton University 129 Dickinson Hall (617) Eleanor Hubbard Department of History Princeton University 129 Dickinson Hall (617) 599-9053 Princeton, NJ 08544 ehubbard@princeton.edu ACADEMIC APPOINTMENT Assistant professor, Department of History,