CONTRIBUTORS illustrate the rightist position in French politics during the period between the two wars of the first half of the twentieth century.

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1 Bibliography Ashley, M. H. The Splendid Century: Some Aspects of French Life in the Reign of Louis XIV (London, 1953). Carston, F. L., ed. The Ascendency of France, r648-r688, New Cambridge Modern History, vol. V (London, 1961). Church, W. F. The Greatness of Louis XIV, Myth or Reality (Boston, 1959). Cronin, Vincent. Louis XIV (Boston, 196:;). Eccles, W. J. Canada Under Louis XIV, r66]-i70i (Toronto, 1964). Erlanger, P. Louis XIV, trans. Stephen Cox (New York, 1970). Gaxotte, Pierre. The Age of Louis XIV, trans. Michael Shaw (New York, 1970). 259

2 260 BIBLIOGRAPHY Gaubert, Pierre. Louis XIV and Twenty Million Frenchmen, trans. Anne Carter (New York, I97o). Hatton, Ragnhild. Europe in the Age of Louis XIV (New York, 1970). --and J. S. Bromley, eds. William III and Louis XIV (Liverpool, I968). Knackel, Philip A. England and the Fronde (Ithaca, 1967). Nussbaum, F. L. The Triumph of Science and Reason, I66o-I685 (New York, I953) Ogg, David. Louis XIV (London, 1933). Rothkrug, Lionel. Opposition to Louis XIV (Princeton, 1965). Rule, John, ed. Louis XIV and the Craft of Kingship (Columbus, Ohio, 1970). Sonnino, Paul, ed. and trans. Louis XIV: Memoires for the Instruction of the Dauphin (New Y ark, 1970). Wolf, John B. The Emergence of the Great Powers, I685-IJI5 (New York, I95I). --Louis XIV (New York, 1968). --Toward a European Balance of Power, I64D-IJI5 (Chicago, 1970).

3 Contributors Loms ANDRE (186J-1948), professor at the University of Lille, wrote significantly on the organization of the army under Le Tellier and Louvois (MichelLe Tellier et /'organisation de l'armee monarchique [ 1906] and MichelLe Tellier et Louvois [ 1942]). He also edited several volumes of the Sources de l'histoire de France, , either alone or in cooperation with Professor Bourgeois. He wrote general histories and many articles, as well as the volumes cited here. Loms BERTRAND ( ) was, strictly speaking, not a historian but rather a journalist, man of letters, and popular biographer. He is included in this collection because his writings on Louis XIV 26!

4 262 CONTRIBUTORS illustrate the rightist position in French politics during the period between the two wars of the first half of the twentieth century. PIERRE GAXOn'E is a popular rather than an academic historian. He has had a noted career as editorial journalist as well as man of letters and historian. G. P. GooCH (r8j3-19~) was one of the most distinguished of the English historians of the first half of this century. He wrote significantly on German history in the nineteenth century, on historians of the nineteenth century, on nineteenth-century diplomacy, and on four eighteenth-century rulers: Frederick the Great, Maria Theresa, Catherine the Great, and Louis XV. PIERRE GouBERT is one of the most distinguished contemporary French historians interested in the seventeenth century. He is professor at the University of Nanterre and is widely known for his work on Beauvais (Beauvais et le Beauvaisis de r6oo a I7Jo), as well as for many articles and the volume from which a chapter is published in this collection. DuKE DE LA FoRCE ( r878-r 2) also was not a professional academic historian but rather a man of letters and writer of popular history. His most serious work, however, will long be used, for he finished the last four volumes of Hanataux's projected six-volume life of Cardinal Richelieu. His other works include books on Lauzun, La Grande Mademoiselle, Conti, Chateaubriand, his distinguished ancestor the Marechal de La Force, and others. ERNEST LAVISSE (r ) was the dean of French historians at the turn of the twentieth century. He is best known for his monumental work on Louis XIV in the equally monumental multivolume history of France that he edited: Histoire de Ia France depuis les origines jusqu'a Ia Revolution and Histoire de Ia France depuis la Revolution jusqu' a la paix de 19I~ighteen volumes in all. These books have long been the standard secondary work on the history of F ranee.

5 Contributors 263 A. DE SAINT-LEGER (born r866) and PHILIPPE SAGNAc (born r868) were both students of Lavisse and contributed to the third volume of Lavisse's history of Louis XIV, cited above. They were also wellknown scholars in their own right. Saint-Leger was professor of history at Lille, and Sagnac was professor of history at the Sorbonne. Both men have published extensively, including Sagnac's two-volume La Formation de Ia societe franfaisc modcrnc. The DuKE of SAINT-SIMoN's (I ) Memoircs are an unavoidable source for the history of his era. Even though they are inaccurate, highly biased, and quite untrustworthy, they present a literary picture of the time that has had great influence upon all subsequent histories of Louis XIV. No discussion of the Sun King would be complete if it ignored Saint-Simon. VoLTAIRE (r ) was the foremost French literary figure of the eighteenth century. He was historian, playwright, man of letters, polemicist, and social critic. His history of the reign of Louis XIV was one of the first attempts to evaluate the success of the reign.

6 Editors 265 JoHN B. WoLF-A.B. and A.M., University of Colorado; Ph.D., University of Minnesota-taught at the University of Missouri and the University of Minnesota, and since 1966 has been Professor of History at the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle. He has received grants from the Social Science Research Council and the Guggenheim Foundation and has been a Fulbright Research Professor at the Sorbonne. Dr. Wolf is a past president of the Society of French Historical Studies. His books include The Diplomatic History of the Bagdad Railroad; Early Modern Europe; The Emergence of the Great Powers, r685-17i5; France, r8q-1919," Louis XIV; and Toward a European Balance of Power, r64o-i715. AiDA DIPACE DoNALD holds degrees from Barnard and Columbia and a Ph.D. from the University of Rochester. A former member of the History Department at Columbia, Mrs. Donald has been a Fulbright Fellow at Oxford and the recipient of an A.A.U.W. fellowship. She has published John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier and Diary of Charles Francis Adams.