STUDIES OF THE AMERICAS

Transcription

1 STUDIES OF THE AMERICAS edited by James Dunkerley Institute for the Study of the Americas University of London School of Advanced Study Titles in this series are multi-disciplinary studies of aspects of the societies of the hemisphere, particularly in the areas of politics, economics, history, anthropology, sociology, and the environment. The series covers a comparative perspective across the Americas, including Canada and the Caribbean as well as the USA and Latin America. Titles in this series published by Palgrave Macmillan: Cuba s Military : Revolutionary Soldiers during Counter-Revolutionary Times By Hal Klepak The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America Edited by Rachel Sieder, Line Schjolden, and Alan Angell Latin America: A New Interpretation By Laurence Whitehead Appropriation as Practice: Art and Identity in Argentina By Arnd Schneider America and Enlightenment Constitutionalism Edited by Gary L. McDowell and Johnathan O Neill Vargas and Brazil: New Perspectives Edited by Jens R. Hentschke When Was Latin America Modern? Edited by Nicola Miller and Stephen Hart Debating Cuban Exceptionalism Edited by Bert Hoffmann and Laurence Whitehead Caribbean Land and Development Revisited Edited by Jean Besson and Janet Momsen Cultures of the Lusophone Black Atlantic Edited by Nancy Naro, Roger Sansi-Roca, and David H. Treece Democratization, Development, and Legality: Chile, By Julio Faundez The Hispanic World and American Intellectual Life, By Iván Jaksic The Role of Mexico s Plural in Latin American Literary and Political Culture: From Tlatelolco to the Philanthropic Ogre By John King Faith and Impiety in Revolutionary Mexico Edited by Matthew Butler

2 Reinventing Modernity in Latin America: Intellectuals Imagine the Future, By Nicola Miller Youth Violence in Latin America: Gangs and Juvenile Justice in Perspective By Gareth A. Jones and Dennis Rodgers The Republican Party and Immigration Politics: From Proposition 187 to George W. Bush By Andrew Wroe

3 Faith and Impiety in Revolutionary Mexico Edited by Matthew Butler

4 FAITH AND IMPIETY IN REVOLUTIONARY MEXICO Copyright Matthew Butler, Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Faith and impiety in revolutionary Mexico / edited by Matthew Butler. p. cm. (Studies of the Americas series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN Mexico Religion 20th century. 2. Mexico History Revolution, Religious aspects. 3. Christianity and politics Mexico History 20th century. 4. Christianity and politics Catholic Church History 20th century. 5. Mexico History Revolution, Religious aspects Catholic Church. 6. Catholic Church Mexico History 20th century. 7. Mexico Church history 20th century. I. Butler, Matthew. BL2530.M4F dc A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December

5 Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction A Revolution in Spirit? Mexico, Matthew Butler Chapter 1 The Mentality and Modus Operandi of Revolutionary Anticlericalism 21 Alan Knight Chapter 2 Mexico s Ritual Constant : Religion and Liberty from Colony to Post-Revolution 57 Fernando Cervantes Chapter 3 Protestants, Freemasons, and Spiritists: Non-Catholic Religious Sociabilities and Mexico s Revolutionary Movement, Jean-Pierre Bastian Chapter 4 Ethereal Allies: Spiritism and the Revolutionary Struggle in Hidalgo 93 Keith Brewster and Claire Brewster Chapter 5 The Regional Dynamics of Anticlericalism and Defanaticization in Revolutionary Mexico 111 Adrian A. Bantjes Chapter 6 The First Encounter : Catholic Politics in Revolutionary Jalisco, Robert Curley

6 vi CONTENTS Chapter 7 Trouble Afoot? Pilgrimage in Cristero Mexico City 149 Matthew Butler Chapter 8 Revolutionary and Not-So-Revolutionary Negotiations in Catholic Annulment, Bigamy, and Divorce Trials: The Archdiocese of Mexico, Kristina A. Boylan Chapter 9 Religious Conflict and Catholic Resistance in 1930s Oaxaca 185 Jean Meyer Chapter 10 Anti-Priests versus Catholic-Socialists in 1930s Campeche: Federal Teachers, Revolutionary Communes, and Anticlericalism 203 Ben Fallaw Chapter 11 El Indio Gabriel : New Religious Perspectives among the Indigenous in Garrido Canabal s Tabasco ( ) 225 Massimo De Giuseppe Chapter 12 A Revolution in Local Catholicism? Oaxaca, Edward Wright-Rios Chapter 13 The Priest s Party : Local Catholicism and Panismo in Huajuapam de León 261 Benjamin Smith List of Contributors 279 Index 283

7 Acknowledgments Thanks are due to various people and institutions for their help in seeing this book through to completion: first and foremost, I would like to thank both Ella Pearce and Joanna Mericle at Palgrave Macmillan in New York as editor and editorial assistant, respectively for all their help, professionalism, and encouragement. In his capacity as series editor, I would also like to express my thanks to Professor James Dunkerley of the Institute for the Study of the Americas in London. In addition, I thank the anonymous referees who reported on the proposal and manuscript for their constructive comments. Finally, I owe a debt of thanks to all the contributors to this volume whose collective endeavors made this project so enjoyable. This book originated in an idea for a conference God s Revolution: Faith and Impiety in Revolutionary Mexico, which was held at Queen s University Belfast in October This is a good place, then, to thank all those who took part in this event; I am also indebted to those whose support and logistical help made the symposium possible, the British Academy and Society for Latin American Studies (SLAS), which generously provided conference grants and both the School of Languages (SLLA) and Department of Spanish at Queen s University Belfast. My individual thanks to people within, or connected to, those institutions go to: Professors David Brading, Tony Kapcia, and, Peter Wade; Isabel Torres, Peter Crowley, Diana Vázquez Maqueda, Professor David Johnston (as Head of SLLA), and Paul Rankin (who first translated the chapter by Jean-Pierre Bastian). The directors and archivists of the excellent Archivo Histórico del Arzobispado de México in Mexico City Father Gustavo Watson, Marco Antonio Pérez Iturbe, and Berenise Bravo Rubio also supported the project from the outset and kindly granted permission to use the jacket image (source: Fondo Pascual Díaz Barreto). My final thanks go to Desmond and Jenny Butler, the Torres Meza family in Mexico City, and, of course, my wife Patricia.