TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 FACTORS THAT EFFECT BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS Meaning of House, Dwelling, and Home...7

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1 ix TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION...ii ABSTRACT...iii ÖZET...v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...vii DEDICATE...viii TABLE OF CONTENTS...ix LIST OF TABLES...xiii LIST OF FIGURES...xv ABBREVIATIONS USED...xvii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Aims of the Study Statement of the Problem Research Methodology...5 CHAPTER 2 FACTORS THAT EFFECT BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS Meaning of House, Dwelling, and Home Traditional and Vernacular Architecture The Decisive and Impressive Factors on House and the Built Environment User Requirements and Satisfaction...10

2 x Physical User Requirements Psycho-Social Needs of the User in Built Environment Privacy Territoriality Personal Spaces Proxemic Theory Neigbourhood...26 CHAPTER 3 INFORMATION ABOUT CYPRUS, AND KYRENIA DISTRICT General Information about Cyprus Historical Background of Cyprus Socio-Political History of Cyprus Historical Background of Domestic Architecture in Cyprus Domestic Architecture in Early Periods of Cyprus Ottoman Period British Period Republic of Cyprus and Period After ( ) Turkish Federated State of Cyprus and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Information about Kyrenia District CHAPTER 4 CASE STUDY Historical Information about Lapta (Laphitos) and Kayalar (Orga) Lapta (Lapithos)...59

3 xi Kayalar (Orga) Settlement Pattern of Lapta Town and Kayalar Village Lapta Town Kayalar Village Evaluation of Housing Unit, Space Organisation Dwelling Selection Criteria and Classification in Case Study Spatial Analysis in Housing Units Analysis of One Storey Dwelling Type (Gr1) Analysis of Two Storey Dwelling Type (Gr2) Analysis of Multi Storey Dwelling Type (Gr3) Evaluation of Plan Characteristic and Spatial Organization for all Dwelling Types Evaluation of Questionnaires Socio-Economic and Demographic Characteristics of Lapta District (Lapta Municipal Area) Demographic Feature of the Population Size of Family and Household Marital Status Nationality Socio-Economic Characteristics Social Relations

4 xii 4.5 Findings and Discussions Traditional Dwellings Early Modern Dwellings Modern Dwellings Contemporary Dwellings CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES APPENDIXES APPENDIX A (Detailed information card of the 83 houses subject to this case study) APPENDIX B (Questionary used)...213

5 xiii LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Lapta Town s Population Based on Years Kayalar Village Annual Population Table 4.3 Dwelling Variation in Lapta Town Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Dwelling Variation in Kayalar Village One Storey Details of Lapta Town and Kayalar Village...76 Two Storey Details of Lapta Town and Kayalar Village Multi Storey Details of Lapta Town and Kayalar Village...83 Table 4.8 The Gender Percentages in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village Table 4.9 Table 4.10 Table 4.11 Graphic of Age Status in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village...87 Graphic of Etnicity in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village.. 88 Household Sizes in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village Table 4.12 Marital Status in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village Table 4.13 Table 4.14 Table 4.15 Table 4.16 Table 4.17 Table 4.18 Variation of Nationality in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village The Variation of Employment in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village...91 The Educational Level in Lapta Town and Kayalar Village Traditional Resident Samples from LA and KA Settlement...95 The Development of Housing Types Based on Periods...98 Traditional One Storey Central Living Room Plan Order...100

6 xiv Table 4.19 Table 4.20 Table 4.21 Table 4.22 Table 4.23 Table 4.24 Table 4.25 Table 4.26 Table 4.27 Traditional One Storey Courtyard Plan Order Traditional Two Storey Plan Order Traditional Two Storey Hanaylı Plan Order Early Modern One Storey Dwelling Plans Modern One Storey Dwelling Plans Modern Two Storey Dwelling Plans Contemporary One Storey Dwelling Plans Contemporary Two Storey Dwelling Plans Contemporary Multi Storey Dwelling Plans...116

7 xv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 North Coastal Line...1 Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs Vichers Diagrams of Seven Sets of Variables Which Contribute to Understanding of Resident s Satisfaction..13 Life Cycle of Urban Neighbourhoods...28 The main physical features of Cyprus Island.. 33 Round Shape Home Cypriot Rectangular Houses In the City of Nicosia, the Street View of Traditional Cyprus City Houses in the Beginings of the 20 th Century in Ottoman Period Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.8 Figure 3.9 Figure 3.10 Figure 3.11 Figure 3.12 In the City of Nicosia, the Street View of Traditional Cyprus City Houses in Ottoman Period Eaved House (Saçaklı Ev) from the Ottoman Period The Sample of Two Storey Rural House in Ottoman Period, Fikardü Village, Trodos...45 Samanbahçe Public Housing.. 48 Limasol Officer Residence, In Nicosia Administration Street Standart Public Housing In Arcon Building Types, the Roof Solution Used and a Sample Plan,

8 xvi Figure 3.13 Figure 3.14 Figure 3.15 Figure 3.16 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 A view from 1960s Residences...54 In Years 1970a View from Apartment Type Residential Units 54 State Public Housing (Famagusta).. 56 The Location of Kyrenia in Cyprus Location of Lapta (Laphitos) Lambousa Settlement Example of Acropolis, Fish Tanks, Tomb and Cave Church The Complicate Settlement Pattern of Lapta (LA 1 )...65 The Complicate Settlement Pattern of Lapta (LA 2 )...65 Figure 4.5 The Complicated Settlement Pattern of Lapta Figure 4.6 Detached House Sample. 68 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8 Figure 4.9 Figure 4.10 Figure 4.11 The Organic Settlement Pattern of Kayalar Village..71 Center Settlement Area of Kayalar Center Settlement Area of Kayalar Detached House Sample. 73 A Lapta Housing Built by Traditional Construction Technique and Material...96

9 xvii ABBREVIATIONS USED EU KA LA : EUROPEAN UNION : LAPTA VILLAGE CASE AREA KAYALAR : LAPTA TOWN LA 1 : LAPTA TOWN CASE AREA 1 LA 2 : LAPTA TOWN CASE AREA 2 SPO TFSC TRNC TR UN : STATE PLAN ORGANISATION : TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF CYPRUS : TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTH CYPRUS : TURKISH REPUBLIC : UNITED NATION