Lewisham Estate Heritage Conservation Area

Transcription

1 26.1 HCA 26 Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area Figure 26.1 HCA 26 Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area. The area includes the suthern tip f The Bulevarde. Paul Davies Pty Ltd Architects Heritage Cnsultants FINAL REPORT August 2009

2 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE LOCATION The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area is situated suth f the main western railway line and between Old and New Canterbury Rads. It includes several sub-precincts which share similar heritage values and develpment histry althugh they are nw separated by less cntributry develpment. The area includes Victria Street, The Bulevarde, Tthill, Summerhill and Hunter Streets as well as the small grup f buildings at the suthernmst tip f The Bulevarde (which includes the Memrial Scut Hall).

3 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE 26-3 Figure The Area in 1943 and 2009 (surce: NSW Lands Department SIX Viewer)

4 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE DESCRIPTION The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area cntains sme f the finest buildings and streetscapes in the Marrickville lcal gvernment area. It was first released fr subdivisin in the 1880s when Lewisham Statin was pened and sn prved ppular with the upper middle class cmmuters wh cnstructed substantial hmes thrughut the area. It was develped in sectins after 1882, with the final majr release made in 1898, althugh develpment cntinued until the Interwar perid n undevelped lts. The area is predminantly residential in its character, with retail uses being lcated at the nrthern end f the precinct near the railway statin. The small grup f lcal shps in Victria Street includes substantially intact examples f Federatin shps, including shpfrnts and jinery t the arched windw/drs n the upper level, althugh signs f deteriratin t the fabric are evident. The upper level verandahs have been replaced by a suspended awning. Other shps in the extended grup demnstrate significant layering and have lst their stylistic integrity. Cmmunity facilities representative f the cmmunity wh established the area include the impsing Baptist Church and Hall at the nrthern end f The Bulevarde, and the Arts and Crafts Memrial Scut Hall at the suthern tip f the Area. Bth single and tw-strey frms are distributed thrughut the area, with little cnsistency in their lcatin evident when analysed at the precinct level. There is little evidence f runs f cttages being built as a speculative venture by a builder, ther than the grup f single strey Victrian Villa cttages in Victria Street. The prevailing character f the area is ne f an established and high quality precinct f substantial detached huses in garden settings. The primary streets are The Bulevard and Victria Street, with the ther streets acting as crss-streets. The building typlgies reinfrce this pattern, with mst f the grand huses in either Victria Street r The Bulevarde, and the mst mdest in the lwer areas t the suth-west such as Fred Street. The area cntains a variety f built frms, including a range f finely crafted Victrian Italianate, Rustic Gthic, Filigree and Regency huses, terraces and villas and later Federatin examples f the same typlgies, including gd examples f Federatin cttages, terraces and substantial Queen Anne huses, including in Hunter Street at the nrthern end f the precinct and in Tthill Street twards the mid-sectin. Several gd examples f huses and residential flat buildings frm the Inter-War perid can als be fund. Many f these substantial prperties have retained their riginal garden setting as a planted area that enhances the aesthetic qualities f the prperty and the streetscape. Few f these substantial prperties shw evidence f being re-subdivided t allw infill develpment; unlike ther parts f Marrickville. The area als cntains mdest dwellings, including the very gd grup f gable-rfed single-frnted cttages in Fred Street, and the many examples f vernacular cttages and bungalws fund thrughut the precinct. Streetscapes are unified by the cntributin f private gardens as well as by the gd quality and mature street planting, particularly the Brush Bx and ther species in the nrthern half f the precinct. Planting in the suthern part f Victria Street (suth f Summer Hill Street) is nt as cnsistent althugh sme gd individual specimens can be fund. The area als includes the nrthern end f The Bulevarde and its terminating view at Hunter Street which demnstrates a Federatin character rather than the late Victrian that dminates elsewhere. Hunter Street includes several very impsing and cntributry Federatin huses. The evidence f the surviving fabric suggests that many early fences were f irn palisade cnstructin. Many have survived and cntinue t cntribute highly t the integrity and quality f the streetscapes and the area. They are particularly prminent elements when viewed n an angle frm the ftpath; when their strng rhythms yet transparent quality is highlighted. Sme f the fences t huses n The Bulevarde exhibit fine irn psts, althugh mst in the area are representative f the

5 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE 26-5 mre cmmn Marrickville Fence. Sme riginal fences have been replaced in a variety f styles, materials and heights. These fences are hwever ptentially reversible and althugh impssible t replace the riginal fabric, the pprtunity exists t cnstruct a new fence that is fits mre gently within the streetscape. Many f the prperties have undergne cnsiderable layering ver the years since riginal cnstructin, including infill develpment f varius degrees f cntributry value and a range f csmetic and structural additins t individual dwellings. Althugh sme f these alteratins have affected the individual heritage value f the prperty, the chesiveness f the scale, frm and patterns f the streetscapes tgether with their ability t demnstrate Lewisham s patterns f late 19th-and early 20 th Century urban settlement remains substantially intact. Majr layering is nt cmmn. Existing heritage items are lcated at 40 Hunter Street (large huse with timber detailing) the Baptist Church and Hall at The Buevarde and the tw strey (frmer) crner shp at 4 Summer Hill Street. The substantial sandstne rck retaining wall and stne steps t Old Canterbury rad is als listed. This wall is a distinctive element in the streetscape and best appreciated frm within the area, where it terminates the view t the west frm Summerhill Street. Its frm is similar t that used in the lcal parks such as Petersham Park and frmed park f Cuncil s Depressin Relief Scheme wrks in the 1930s. The Victrian Filigree terrace adjacent t the shp has been assessed as part f the Heritage Items review and is recmmended fr listing as an individual item. Each f these existing and ptential individual heritage items cntributes t the variety and quality f their immediate streetscapes and the heritage significance f the Lewisham Area as a heritage cnservatin area. The fllwing figures illustrate the main elements and characteristics f the Lewisham estate Heritage Cnservatin Area. Figure This substantial Federatin huse is lcated at the Hunter Street entrance t the Area. Figure 26.4 Hunter Street cntains a gd grup f substantially intact Federatin prperties.

6 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE 26-6 Figure 26.5 and The area is characterised by a mixture f substantial freestanding terraces, attached terraces and detached huses in bth single and tw-strey frms and cvering the late Victrian and Federatin perids. The tw main streets in the area, the Bulevard and Victria Street cntain the mst substantial prperties, with mre mdest examples in the crss streets. Figure 26.7 and The Bulevard is bracketed by imprtant civic buildings, with the Baptist Church at the nrthern end and the Memrial Scut Hall at the suthern tip.

7 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE 26-7 Figure The Bulevarde streetscape Figure Example f typical Victrian villa Figure This pair in Victria Street is mre mdest but equally well detailed. Figure Fred Street is a small street in the suth-western crner f the precinct and cntains mre mdest dwellings. Figure and A strng streetscape grup within Victria Street.

8 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE 26-8 Figure The area als cntains sme interwar husing. Figure This Victrian Gergian huse is a prminent lcal landmark in Victria Street. Figure t illustrate sme f the substantial huses fund in the Area (The Blevarde).

9 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE 26-9 Figure and The area cntains sme large semi-detached terrace style huses which impart cnsiderable scale and bulk t the lcal streetscape. Figures t illustrate sme f the mre mdest cttages fund within the area Figure Victria Street Figure Victria St Figure Fred Street

10 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Figure and Fred Street Figure Semi-detached Italianate villa in Victria Street Figure Semi-detached interwar bungalw in The Bulevarde. Figure An atypical Victrian Italianate huse at the suthern end f The Bulevarde.. Figure The Bulevarde extensin cntains several huses that have applied the facade f a Victrian villa t a Federatin rf frm, creating an unusually wide cmpsitin fr the Italianate style.

11 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Figure and Pair f villas in Victria Street. Figure and huses demnstrating characteristics f bth Federatin and late Victrian perids. Figure and Federatin cttages in The Bulevarde and Fred Street.

12 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Figure Victria Street Figure The Bulevarde * Figure The Bulevarde Figure The Bulevarde Figure The nrthern end f Victria Street is marked by a small grup f shps, sme f which have retained a substantially intact shpfrnt althugh the riginal verandas and balcnies have been remved. Figure This excellent example f a lcal shp is lcated at the crner f Fred and Summerhill Streets. It has retained its riginal display windw cnfiguratins and cantilevered balcny t the upper level.

13 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Figure Details ftpath with narrw grass verge and irn palisade fence Figure The area includes deep set sandstne blck kerbing and guttering. Figure Detail f street names set int ftpath. Figure This hand frmed sandstne rckery frms a retaining wall t New Canterbury Rad and terminates the view dwn Summerhill Street. It is a distinctive lcal element cnstructed as a relief emplyment scheme during the Great Depressin in the 1930s SUMMARY OF HERITAGE VALUES The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area is f histrical significance as an area develped frm a series f subdivisins frm the early 1880s t 1898, beginning with the "Lewisham Estate" subdivisin prir t The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area is f aesthetic significance because it cntains a wide range f husing typlgies (late 19th - early 20th Century) including a range f finely crafted Victrian Italianate, Rustic Gthic, Filigree and Regency huses, terraces and villas and later Federatin examples f the same typlgies, including gd examples f Federatin cttages, terraces and substantial Queen Anne huses in Hunter Street at the nrthern end f the precinct and Tthill Street. Several gd examples f huses and residential flat buildings frm the Inter-War perid can als be fund. The Lewisham Estate Cnservatin Area is scially significant fr prviding physical evidence f the late 19th Century cmmunity demnstrated thrugh the prminent lcatin f cmmunity facilities at

14 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE the nrthern end f the area clse t New Canterbury Rad including the Baptist Church (The Bulevarde) and Memrial Scut Hall (The Bulevarde - Suth end) and 20 th Century Great Depressin Relief Wrk Prgrams (the stne wall t Old Canterbury Rad). The Area is representative f the range f building types and frms available t the cmmunity in the late 19th t early20th Centuries, including the detached villa, mansin and cttage, semi-detached and terrace huse. KEY PERIOD OF SIGNIFICANCE: The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area demnstrates heritage values that satisfy the NSW Heritage Cuncil s Criteria fr listing as a lcally significant heritage cnservatin area. These values can be seen in the area in many ways, including: Heritage Cuncil Guideline fr Inclusin satisfied H.Cl. Crit. Heritage value Hw the value can be seen in the area tday The Area demnstrates verlays f the cntinual pattern f human use and ccupatin A The Lewisham Heritage Cnservatin Area demnstrates the pattern f develpment in the Cuncil area frm early land grants t densely settled urban landscape. - The streetscapes demnstrate the pattern and grwth f the husing styles and typlgies in the Marrickville area and Sydney during the late 19 th and early 20 th Century. - Thrugh the range f substantially intact high style and mdest dwellings that demnstrate the different phases f develpment and ptins fr husing available in the 19 th Century. The area is assciated with a significant activity r histrical phase (subdivisin and develpment) A The pattern f subdivisin has respnded t the incremental release f land fr develpment - The riginal grants in this area were purchased and amalgamated int the substantial Petersham Estate which at its largest ccupied apprximately 2500 acres. The area f the Lewisham Estate was riginally reserved as a hunting grund and later used fr farming, althugh the evidence f these earlier phases f develpment have been verwritten by the current phase f develpment. - Majr develpment within the area cmmenced with the cnstructin f Lewisham Statin in the mid-1880s and cntinued thrugh successive releases f land ver the next ten years, althugh sale and develpment cntinued until the Inter-War perid. - The patterns f develpment within the area have been regular with little evidence f speculative re-subdivisin by later land wners.

15 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Heritage Cuncil Guideline fr Inclusin satisfied H.Cl. Crit. Heritage value Hw the value can be seen in the area tday The area is assciated with a significant activity r histrical phase (subdivisin and develpment) A It demnstrates the transitin in husing frms in Marrickville frm the urban terrace t the suburban detached huse in a garden setting. - The Area cntains a wide range f husing typlgies, including many examples f the urban terrace frm being detached and set within a garden blck. The area demnstrates the principal characteristics f a class f Marrickville s cultural places (residential) G It demnstrates the principal characteristics f the develpment f the Marrickville Cuncil area frm rural t suburban cultural landscape - The area prvides valuable evidence f the range f building types and frms available t the cmmunity in the late 19 th /early20th Centuries, including the detached villa, mansin and cttage, semi-detached and terrace huse. - Thrugh the rich variety f built frms, each f which is representative f the cultural needs and aspiratins f the cmmunity that built and ccupied them; including: - Early develpment: - Substantial Victrian Villas gruped int impsing streetscapes - Substantial tw strey Victrian terraces intended fr the affluent middle classes gruped int impsing streetscapes - Small detached Victrian villa grups - Victrian perid vernacular terraces and cttages - Mre mdest terraces 1 and 2 strey - Federatin perid large huses; terraces, bungalws and cttages - Substantial Federatin huses - Inter-War bungalws and residential flat buildings - Later infill develpment: - Huses - Cultural layering - Pst-War austerity - Pst-War migratin (minr) - Gentrificatin

16 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Heritage Cuncil Guideline fr Inclusin satisfied H.Cl. Crit. Heritage value Hw the value can be seen in the area tday The area demnstrates the principal characteristics f a class f Marrickville s cultural places (cmmunity) G It demnstrates the principal characteristics f the develpment f the Marrickville Cuncil area frm rural t sub rban cultural landscape - The area als prvides physical evidence f the scial and cultural values f the late 19th century cmmunity demnstrated thrugh the prminent lcatin f cmmunity facilities at the nrthern and suthern ends f the area. - Baptist Church and Hall (The Bulevarde-nrthern end) - Memrial Scut Hall (the Bulevarde Suthern end) The area demnstrates the principal characteristics f a class f Marrickville s cultural places (cmmercial) G It demnstrates the principal characteristics f the develpment f the Marrickville Cuncil area frm an early Estate t urban cultural landscape - Grup f retail shps clustered near Lewisham Statin include riginal detailing and frm, including shpfrnts and upper level arched drways (riginally t verandahs) (at the time f inspectin the status f the mst intact f the grup (8A Victria Street) was difficult t determine due t cladding t upper level being remved) - Several crner shps survive, including the very gd example with riginal display windws etc (listed as a lcal heritage item) at the crner f Fred and Summer Hill Streets. The area demnstrates the principal characteristics f a class f Marrickville s cultural places (public dmain) The area has attributes typical f the particular philsphy and design f Marrickville Cuncil (and its predecessrs) G It demnstrates the principal characteristics f the develpment f the Marrickville Cuncil area frm an early Estate t a suburban cultural landscape and cntains high quality streetscapes and public dmain elements representative f civic management and imprvement prgrams. - The streetscapes within the area are characterised by the quality f bth the built frms and the public dmain elements, including high quality street tree planting t The Bulevarde and Victria Street (Brush Bx and ther species). - Street tree planting in parts f the Area is representative f that fund thrughut the Marrickville lcal gvernment area and cnsists mainly f native species. Sme have matured int impressive individual specimens. - Sandstne kerbing, guttering and bx drains - Sandstne rckery wall t supprt Old Canterbury Rad at the terminatin f

17 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Heritage Cuncil Guideline fr Inclusin satisfied H.Cl. Crit. Heritage value Hw the value can be seen in the area tday Summer Hill Street an intricate cnstructin that cntributes t the unique qualities and heritage values f this area. Is imprtant in demnstrating aesthetic characteristics and/ r a high degree f creative r technical achievement in the Marrickville area. The area cntains grups and streetscapes which cllectively illustrate representative types f Marrickville s cultural landscape. C G It cntains many buildings and elements f individual and grup aesthetic value - The individual and grup cntributry values f the buildings in this area are high, with many very gd individual examples f their architectural style. - Mst huses are situated n suburban-prprtined lts and allw fr substantial garden plantings that add t the cmpsitin f the streetscape. - In sme examples the garden dminates the huse in the street view. - The aesthetic qualities f the streetscape are als enhanced by the street tree plantings f Brush Bx and ther Avenue-planting trees. - The Memrial Scut Hall and the Church and Hall grup each cntribute highly t the aesthetic values f their setting. The Scut Hall in particular terminates the view suth alng The Bulevarde. - A prprtin f individual prperties within the area have been layered, including thrugh the rendering, replacement f windws, lss f riginal detail and ther changes f this type but the prevailing qualities f the streetscape and its ability t cntinue t demnstrate the principles f early 19th-century husing remain readily interpretable in the cntemprary landscape DEFINING THE EXTENT OF THE HERITAGE CONSERVATION AREA The bundaries f the heritage cnservatin area reflect the identified heritage values f the area and the ability f the fabric f the huses and streetscapes t demnstrate these values. They recgnise the impact that the changing rle and character f the land uses and buildings have had n the layer f develpment frm the significant era f develpment ( ).

18 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE The heritage values fcus n the tw main streets Victria Street and The Bulevarde because f the quality f their built frms and their streetscapes. Other streets were included where they were able t demnstrate, r cntribute t the identified values ELEMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AREA The table abve utlined the ways in which the heritage significance f the Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area are expressed thrugh the cntemprary cultural landscape. The relevant planning cntrls t cnserve the evidence f the area s heritage significance are cntained in the Mixed Residential Streetscapes sectin f the DCP (see the DCP fr details). The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area als cntains many details, r fine-grained elements that are fund thrughut the area n buildings f different styles and types that cntribute t the integrity and heritage significance f the area. The elements are nt fund n all buildings; but if they are present they need t be retained in any new develpment. Further details abut hw t prtect these details and incrprate them in new develpment can be fund in the detailed DCP sheets. SUBDIVISION AND PUBLIC DOMAIN ELEMENTS: Regular subdivisin patterns Open character t the streetscape due t wide streets, ftpaths, large lt sizes and generus suburban scaled building setbacks Brush Bx and ther frmal street tree planting at maturity and density t frm a gd avenue/act as street wall Sandstne blck kerbing and guttering ELEMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE CONSISTENCY OF THE STREETSCAPE (VISIBLE FROM THE PUBLIC DOMAIN) Prevailing lw-density character due t large lt sizes and garden spaces in frnt f buildings Mixture f single and tw-strey buildings Gd grups f substantially intact Late Victrian and Federatin villas, huses, bungalws, semi-detached cttages and terraces Individual prperties f high aesthetic value Building frms apprpriate t architectural type High quality detailing t frnt elevatin Increasing simplificatin f scale and detailing twards rear including windw size, detail and prprtin High prprtin f intact r substantially intact built elements Cnsistency f frm and detailing t intact and substantially intact riginal dwellings and streetscapes Any additins visible frm the public dmain that are f a minr scale, respect riginal built frm and are unbtrusive in the cntext f the streetscape Building heights apprpriate t typlgy and perid f cnstructin Original develpment is a mixture f ne and tw strey depending n the cnventins f the architectural style Detailing and finishes apprpriate t typlgy and perid f cnstructin Windw penings apprpriate fr architectural style Timber framed windws Cmplex timber jinery windws t main bay f frnt elevatin (Federatin)

19 HCA 26 LEWISHAM ESTATE Use f apprpriate clur schemes fr detailing Rf frms apprpriate t typlgy and perid f cnstructin Prminence f Federatin (tall and narrw) chimneys in rfscape views Lack f majr alteratins t rf frm and vlumes Slate rfs Unglazed r lw glazed dark red terractta tile rfs Fences apprpriate t typlgy and perid f principal building Original Irn Palisade fences Original lw face-brick (nt rendered r painted) walls Lack f car parking infrastructure accessed frm the primary street frntage Garden plantings in frnt f dwellings ELEMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE INTEGRITY OF THE OVERALL PATTERN OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE AREA (NOT NECESSARILY VISIBLE FROM THE STREET) Ftprints f additins t the rear respect the traditinal pattern f develpment (including service wing/pavilin/recessive scale) 26.6 ELEMENTS THAT DETRACT FROM THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AREA The Lewisham Estate Heritage Cnservatin Area and extensin were develped during the Late Victrian-Federatin perid and many prperties have undergne sme changes and alteratins ver the years since it was first settled. Sme f these cntribute t the cumulative heritage significance f the areas, but thers d nt because they are f an irreversible nature r result in changes t the visual quality r riginal fabric that destrys, verwrites r therwise cnfuses the identified values f the area. These include: Alteratins t rf frms, including prly sited and prprtined drmer windws and lifted ridgelines. Remval f riginal detailing Painting rendering etc (including t unpainted face brick in Federatin-perid buildings) Alteratin t fenestratin patterns (including recnfiguratin/re-rientatin f vertical penings t hrizntal) Remval/replacement f timber windws with aluminium Applicatin f cnjectural detailing t new wrk Histrically inapprpriate fence design and details nt relevant t building typlgy and/r incngruus/visually intrusive in streetscape views Visually intrusive security measures (eg security bars painted a light clur, rller shutters t windws and enclsing grilles t verandahs) Replacement fences f type r frm inapprpriate t building typlgy and/r intrusive n aesthetic value f streetscape High/slid frnt fences and walls