Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections June 20, 2012

Transcription

1 Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections June 20, 2012 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

2 Today s webinar presenters Michael Moule, PE, PTOE has over 18 years of progressive traffic and transportation engineering experience, including traffic calming, conceptual design for Complete Streets, and the planning of improved bicycle and pedestrian facilities. His projects accommodate all modes of transportation in order to help cities and states meet their mobility, economic development, safety, and quality of life goals. He has significant innovative design experience and specializes in improving conditions for non-motorized users without degrading motor vehicle capacity. Michael routinely leads community planning processes and training sessions to give citizens the basic skills they need to develop and review street design solutions. APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

3 How to claim credit for CM or PDH To claim credit for Certification Maintenance (AICP) or Professional Development Hours (PDH) for this webinar: Log your attendance on the CM / PDH sign in sheet Site hosts: return the completed sign in sheet to APBP after the webinar (fax to or e mail webinars@apbp.org) Attendees: For people who want a Certificate of Attendance: A fillable PDF form may be downloaded and printed here: Planners: The AICP has approved one CM credit for this webinar. Go to to claim credit. APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

4 Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections APBP Webinar Series Michael Moule, PE, PTOE Principal, Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates June 20, 2012 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

5 Geometric Tools 5 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

6 Skewed intersections Skew increases crossing distance & speed of turning cars 6 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

7 Cars can turn at high speed Philadelphia PA 7 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

8 Skew increases crosswalk length, decreases visibility 8 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

9 Right angle decreases crosswalk length, increases visibility APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 9

10 Problems with skewed intersections 10 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

11 Protected left or right turn phases Minor solutions for skewed intersections 11 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

12 Major solution for skewed intersections 12 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

13 The same principle can be applied to multi-leg intersections APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 13

14 Reduce corner radii Large radii: 1. Increase crossing distance 2. Make crosswalk & ramp placement more difficult 3. Add uncertainty for bicyclists 4. Allow fast motor vehicle turns 14 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

15 Minimize curb radius Don t t choose larger design vehicle than necessary Bus makes turn several times an hour Canyonville OR 15 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

16 Minimize curb radius Don t t choose larger design vehicle than necessary Moving van, once or twice a year; peds cross every day Santa Barbara CA 16 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

17 Minimize curb radius Let trucks use 2 nd lane 17 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

18 Curb extensions Most focus is on reduced crossing distance Other advantages: Better visibility between peds and motorists Traffic calming Room for street furniture 18 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

19 Better Visibility 19 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

20 Crosswalk placement requires balancing several goals that sometimes compete: Shortest crosswalk length Minimal crosswalk setback to: Reduce out-of of-direction travel Provide good sight lines between peds and motorists Proper ramp placement: Ramps entirely contained in crosswalk Two ramps preferred whenever possible 20 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

21 Small corner radii allow two ramps, shortest crosswalks, direct travel paths 21 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

22 Larger radii create large undefined areas 22 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

23 Crosswalks at shortest crossing = longer walking distance Right & left-turning turning drivers don t t see crosswalk APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 23

24 Single ramp reduces crosswalk setback but lengthens crosswalk APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 24

25 Note: 3 3 curb exposure between ramps allows them to be close together Balancing the goals works best Note: Crosswalk length and setback are greater with large radii than with small radii 25 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

26 Crosswalk Pedestrian Pedestrian crossing crossing Crosswalk placement: Observe pedestrians Corvallis OR 26 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

27 The same principles work at skewed intersections or ramp-like connections 27 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

28 Shortest Crosswalk 28 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

29 Most Direct Route 29 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

30 Midway Solution Balances Goals APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 30

31 Most direct route Shortest crossing Midway Where to place crosswalk? Observe pedestrians Younger woman takes direct route (looks over shoulder) Older man seeks crosswalk Midway would be used by both YIELD TO PED signs indicate a problem Washington DC 31 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

32 Crosswalk placement: Think like a pedestrian Philadelphia PA 32 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

33 Interchanges treat each ramp terminus like a normal intersection (right angles, bike lane channelization, islands where needed) 33 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

34 Single Point Urban Interchange Takes less ROW than split diamond Signal timing; 3 movements are run through one signal 1. Through movements 2. Left turns in one direction 3. Left turns in other direction 34 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

35 How to make SPUI work for pedestrians: Provide continuous sidewalks Break up crossings into several small steps Use good geometry; create tight, right-angle crossings; Make it clear to drivers where to expect pedestrians 35 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

36 How to make SPUI work for cyclists: Provide continuous bike lanes Use good geometry: tight, right-angle approaches Make it clear to drivers where to expect cyclists Ensure enough green time to cross: advance stop bar Provide continuous bike lanes Use good geometry: tight, right-angle approaches Make it clear to drivers where to expect cyclists Ensure enough green time to cross: advance stop bar 36 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

37 Aerial view of SPUI that mitigates many of the problems for pedestrians and bicyclists Salem OR 37 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

38 Signalization Tools 38 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

39 Restricting Turns on Red Consider No Turn on Red signs where there is: Poor sight distance between vehicles and peds; An unusual number of ped conflicts with turns on red (compared to turns on green); An exclusive pedestrian phase; or A leading pedestrian interval MUTCD Section 2B.54 Tampa FL 39 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

40 Restricting Turns on Red: 1.At all times Washington DC 40 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

41 Restricting Turns on Red: 2. By time of day Limits most turns on red St Paul MN 41 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

42 Restricting Turns on Red: 3. Changeable message sign can be activated when ped pushes button or as set by controller Note: An on-demand NTOR sign can be used to improve the effectiveness of a Lead Pedestrian Interval Orlando FL 42 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

43 Exclusive Pedestrian Phase (Barnes Dance) Popular because all traffic stops and pedestrians can cross in any direction (must ban turns on red) MUTCD Figure 3B-20 (Markings) 43 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

44 Pedestrians pay a price in delay: Pedestrians wait for traffic in one direction Pasadena CA 44 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

45 Pedestrians wait for traffic in other direction Pasadena CA 45 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

46 Exclusive pedestrian phase increases safety (CMF = 0.66; CRF=34%) but decreases efficiency of intersection Use where there are high ped volumes and many turning vehicles Reward: pedestrians can cross in any direction Pasadena CA 46 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

47 LPI = Lead Pedestrian Interval LPI gives pedestrians a head start It s like a mini exclusive phase Link to video of LPI MUTCD Sec. 4E.06, paragraphs APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

48 Looks like a regular signal to drivers: green-yellow yellow-red Salem OR 48 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

49 LPI : WALK comes on at least 3 seconds prior to the green signal; pedestrians enter crosswalk before turning vehicles arrive there. Salem OR 49 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

50 Protected Vs. Permissive Left Turns 50 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

51 Permissive Left Turns Pedestrians cross at same time as left turning car; Drivers turning left on a green ball don t look for pedestrians. APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

52 Permissive Left Turns APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

53 Permissive Left Turns APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

54 Permissive Left Turns APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

55 Protected Left Turns Pedestrians cross before left turning car, with thru traffic; Pedestrian and car not in conflict APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

56 Protected Left Turns APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

57 Protected Left Turns APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

58 Protected Left Turns APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

59 Bike Signals At unusual intersections, bike- specific signals can be used to provide a specific phase to bicyclists Note: Bike signals are still under experimental use (except in California) Davis CA 59 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

60 Examples 60 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

61 Bend, Oregon Revised Skew 61 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

62 Skewed intersection reduces visibility Driver looks left, doesn t t see pedestrian on right Bend OR 62 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

63 Adjust skew by bringing out curb Bend OR 63 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

64 Result: driver behavior change Bend OR 64 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

65 Salem, Oregon Curb Extension and Reduced Corner Radius 65 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

66 Before: high speed right-turns turns Salem OR 66 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

67 After: slow speed right-turns turns Curb extension and new corner radius must be designed together see earlier radius discussion Salem OR 67 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

68 Before: Pedestrians wait where they can see, in the street After: curb ext. puts him where he can see and be seen Salem OR 68 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

69 Asheville, NC Reconfigured intersection at downtown square 69 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

70 Before: Huge intersection; exclusive ped phase Asheville NC 70 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

71 After: smaller intersection, better crosswalks Asheville NC 71 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

72 Springfield, Oregon Reconfigured interchange ramp 72 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

73 Reconfigured Ramp Terminus Old ramp alignment Flat angle = wide crossing & high-speed turns Tight angle = short crossing & slow speed turns Springfield OR 73 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

74 Reconfigured Ramp Terminus Red line = old crosswalk Green line = new crosswalk Springfield OR 74 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

75 Before Springfield OR 75 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

76 After Springfield OR 76 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

77 San Francisco, CA Removal of 5 th leg of intersection (the inexpensive way) Market Street / Castro Street / 17 th Street 77 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

78 Before San Francisco CA APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 78

79 After San Francisco CA APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 79

80 Before San Francisco CA APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 80

81 After San Francisco CA APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 81

82 After San Francisco CA APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93 82

83 Portland, Oregon Bike signal for path at intersection corner 83 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

84 Before Portland OR 84 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

85 After Portland OR 85 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

86 After Portland OR 86 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

87 New York City All of the above Not Times Square St. Nicolas Ave at Amsterdam Ave 87 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

88 Before New York City 88 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

89 After New York City 89 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

90 Before New York City 90 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

91 After New York City 91 APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

92 Michael Moule, PE, TE, PTOE 116 New Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA (415) APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93

93 Thank you to our generous webinar sponsors APBP Webinar Series Resolving Conflicts at Complex Intersections of 93